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Title
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A Centenary of the Polish Ethnological Society / LUD 1995 t.79
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Description
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LUD 1995 t.79, s.9-20
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Creator
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Kłodnicki, Zygmunt
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Date
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1995
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Format
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application/pdf
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Identifier
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oai:cyfrowaetnografia.pl:1975
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Language
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pol
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Publisher
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Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze
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Relation
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oai:cyfrowaetnografia.pl:publication:2127
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Subject
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Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze
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Text
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Lud, vol. 79, 1995
I. THE CENTENNIAL
ANNIVERSARY OF THE POLISH
ETHNOLOGICAL
SOCIETY
ZYGMUNT KŁODNICKI
President
Polish Ethnological Society
A CENTENARY
OF THE POLISH
ETHNOLOGICAL
SOCIETY
"Save and preserve what can and should
exist in spite of the progress of education
and civilization. Save for science and do
not let sink into oblivion what must
disappear and soon will disappear".
Antoni Kalina
It is not easy to present the centennial history of the Society in a few pages.
After all, such a presentation should be done against a wider background, in
order to adequately evaluate the role which the Society has played in Polish
science and culture. Hoping to address this issue at another time, I will now try
to sketch the Society's history. Readers interested in various aspects of the
Society's activity will find numerous articles and reports in "Lud" l. More
important publications have been listed. in the bibliography.
Polish interest in traditional, especially rural culture, gained momentum in
the 19th century. Let us mention Łukasz Gołębiowski, Wacław Zaleski,
Kazimierz W. Wójcicki, Żegota Pauli and, particularly, Oskar Kolberg, to
name but a few. In 1873, the Academy of Sciences was opened in Cracow with
the Anthropological Commission as one of its departments2. Several excellent
journals were put out, including "Zbiór Wiadomości do Antropologii Krajowej" (from 1877) and "Wisła" (from 1887). For a long time, however, there was
no association grouping people interested in ethnography.
Establishment
and First Years of the Ethnological
Society
The idea to establish an Ethnological Society was put forward by Seweryn Udziela, a school inspector (1891). After a few unsuccessful attempts,
a group assembled by Antoni Kalina, a Slavist and professor of Jan Kazimierz
1 Bibliograf/li
ZllWllrlo.~ci "Ludu" za lara 1895 -1985 [Bibliography of publications in "Lud"
1895-1985] prepared by G. E. Karpińska and M. Niewiadomska is an excellent guide to the first
69 volumes of this periodical.
2 In 1874 the chairmanship
of the Ethnological Section was entrusted to Oskar Kolberg.
10
University, and including Jan Karłowicz, editor of "Wisła", a linguist and
ethnographer from Warsaw, Jan Baudouin de Courtenay, a linguist, then
a professor of Jagiellonian University, Dr. Henryk Biegeleisen and Mikołaj
Rybowski, principle of people's schools, Dr. Iwan Franko, editor of "Żitje
i Słowo" and Stefan Ramułt, a civil servant, met on 9 February 1895 in the
Town Hall in Lvov. The first General Assembly of the Society, attended by 64
members.
Antoni Kalina, the first president, wrote in 1895: "The aim of the Society is
to skillfully investigate the Polish, Ruthenian and neighbouring peoples and to
disseminate information about them in the Society's own organ, in paintings
which present or describe these peoples, and, eventually, to establish a library
and a museum which will house everything that pertains to the life of the
people or helps us to learn about its properties".
Further on, Antoni Kalina wrote: "With the help of its members, the
Society will systematically and skillfully collect ethnographic materials. Special
emphasis will be put on the characteristic features of folk life which have not
been given any consideration in ethnographic works published to date or
which have been given only scant consideration (e.g. beliefs, folk medicine,
melodies of folk songs, the construotion and interior design of houses, their
ornamentation,
costumes and clothes, etc.). To help collect ethnographic
materials, the Society will prepare a detailed questionnaire which will be sent
out to its members".
In the foreword to the first folio of "Lud" (April 1895), Antoni Kalina
emphasized that "ethnographic boundaries, Polish colonies in Ruthenia and
Ruthenian colonies in Poland, as well as territorial distribution of dialects,
would be the focus of the Society's programme". In addition to these scholarly
aims, Kalina also formulated social aims which were compatible with positivist
slogans: "Today, when such concepts as the people, its education, and the
improvement of its material existence are common, we should start building
from scratch, and by building from scratch I mean learning about the people,
its life and character. If we do not do this, our work for the people will be
ineffective because if it is not based on the description of its properties it will
not benefit the people in the way we would like it to do" (Kalina, 1895, p. 3).
Kalina also promised that branches of the Society would be established in
different towns.
This was a very ambitious plan and, perhaps even unrealistic. Nearly
everything was lacking: money, authors (the first chair of ethnology was
opened as late as 1910, and only for a short time) and understanding in the
society. For the time being, however, optimism and enthusiasm prevailed.
Following energetic recruitment, the number of members grew considerably
- at the end of 1895 there were 194 of them, among them professors (19) and
students (11) of Jan Kazimierz and Jagiellonian Universities, teachers and
11
principals of public schools (41) and musical socIetIes (7), district school
inspectors (5), priests (I l), and writers (8). The members of the Society also
included employees of the Ossoliński National Institution (4) with its director,
Wojciech Kętrzyński and Wilhelm Bruchnalski, the future Chairman of the
Society.
In its beginnings, when there were no ethnographic museums, chairs of
ethnography and ethnology or people's universities, the Society attracted those
for whom the problems of traditional culture were very close. This included
people from different groups of Galicia, mainly teachers. Branches of the
Society were established very quickly - in Buczacz (1897 - founded by
Ludwik Młynek), Wieliczka (1898 - Seweryn Udziela), Cracow (1898 - Jan
Świętek), Tatarów (1899 - Józef Schneider), Tarnów (1899 - Ludwik
Młynek), Chrzanów (1900 - Bronisław Gustawicz), Podgórze n. Cracow (1902
- Seweryn Udziela)3.
Antoni Kalina's decade as the Society first chairman was most significant
(Kłodnicki, I995b). During this period a number of research papers, scholarly
and popular articles were published. During the chairmanship
of Józef
Kallenbach (1905-1910) and Adam A. Kryński (1910-1914) the Society was
less active. A turning point in the Society's history was in the year 1910 when
Adam Fischer became secretary of the Society and member of the editorial
board of "Lud"4.
The Second Phase (1910 - 1945)
For Adam Fischer, a Romanist by e~ucation, ethnography was a hobby.
When he became secretary and member of the editorial board, and later
editor-in-chief of "Lud", he proved to be an excellent organizer. As Helena
Kapełuś wrote (1982, p. 348), "He took over most editorial duties, saw to it that
all the articles were carefully proof-read, arranged for credits to be granted by
printing houses, selected authors, expanded foreign relations, cared for the
development of the library, in a word, started a new era in the history of the
Society which survived the turmoil of the First World War and lasted till the
end of the interwar period". The chairmen of the Ethnological Society at the
time, Professor Adam A. Kryński (1910 - 1914), Professor Wilhelm Bruchnalski
(1917 - 1926) and Professor Jan Czekanowski (1926 - 1946), approved of Fischer's work as he relieved them of a number of difficult tasks.
The branches in Podgórze and Cracow were the last to be closed.
Olga Gajkowa (1967, p. 18) thinks that the first period ended with the outbreak of the First
World War. Helena Kapeluś (1982, pp. 348 - 349) is of a similar opinion. She stresses the changes
taking place in the Ethnological Society from 1910 onwards but considers the First World War to
be the turning point.
3
4
12
During this period in its history, the Society severed its ties with the Board
and members. Adam Fischer had many duties at Jan Kazimierz University and
at the Society, and unike Kalina, he was more interested in the Society's
research and publication than its social work agenda. A growing discrepancy
between academics and amateur ethnographers was also felt. Consequently,
"Lud" could no longer serve as a bridge between these communities (Kapełuś,
1982, p. 349). The Society established close relations between the Polish
Ethnological Society for professionalists, organized in Warsaw in October 1921
and chaired by Professor Jan Czekanowski (then a deputy chairman of the
Ethnological Society) and "Lud" s. Soon, however, the Polish Ethnological
Society in Warsaw reached an impasse.
The relations of the Society and the Department of Ethnology at Jan
Kazimierz University however proved to be more durable. Till the outbreak of
the Second World War employees of the Department were the core of the
Society's Board, wrote most articles for "Lud" and later for "Prace Etnograficzne" (the first volume of the series appeared in 1934). The Second World War
stopped the activity of the Society - most of its members were either killed by
the Nazis or emigrated from Poland. Adam Fischer died in Lvov in 1943.
It is typical of societies that persons who preside over them bring their
influence upon them. There is no dóubt that Adam Fischer was the spiritus
movens of the Ethnological Society. When he died, the second stage in the
history of the Society ended. The task of reviving the Society after the Second
World War was entrusted to Professor Jan Czekanowski, an eminent Polish
ethnologist and physical anthropologist, known all over the world, who was
deputy chairman and from 1926 chairman of the Society.
The Third Period (1945 - 1965)
The initiative to reestablish the Society was born soon after the war ended.
Professors Jan Czekanowski and Jan Mydlarski and Doctor Józef Gajek
convened the first meeting in Lublin on 12 October 1945. The 21st General
Assembly was held on 22 November 1945. The Assembly decided to continue
publication of "Lud", "Prace Etnograficzne" and prepare and publish Polski
Atlas Etnograficzny
[Polish Ethnographic Atlas].
At the 22nd General Assembly (Lublin, 24 - 25 January 1947) the name of
the Society was changed to the "Polish Ethnological Society" (polskie
Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze). The new name reflected the transformation of the
Society from a provincial to a nationwide organization. Branches of the Society
5 However, "volume XXI was a turning point. "Lud" assumed the character of a specialized
ethnological journal, also carrying articles bordering on anthropological sciences" (Gajek, 1946,
p.11).
13
were established in many towns, and a number of research initiatives were
undertaken (in order to provide materials for the PoLski AtLas Etnograficzny
[Polish Ethnographic Atlas], and later to furnish materials for territorial
monographs). New journals and editorial series were put out. The first book in
the series "Prace Etnologiczne" was published in 1947. Two years later, in 1949,
the first folios of AtLas PoLskich Strojów Ludowych [An Atlas of Polish Folk
Costumes] were published. First publications in the series "Archiwum Etnograficzne" appeared in 1951. The same year witnessed the resumption of the
series "Prace i Materiały Etnograficzne" (originally called "Prace Etnograficzne"). The first issue of a bimonthly "Literatura Ludowa" appeared in 1957.
A new series, "Biblioteka Popularno-Naukowa",
was started in 1958, and
"Łódzkie Studia Etnograficzne" in 1959. In 1960 the editorial board of Dzieła
wszystkie Oskara KoLberga [Oskar Kolberg's Collected Works] was appointed.
Publication of "Lud", one of the oldest ethnographic journals in Europe, has
been continued to date. In the post-war history of the Society, the journal
edited by Professor Józef Gajek, Adam Fischer's disciple, was the most
significant Polish publication in the field of ethnography, ethnology and
folklore.
The Polish Ethnological Society performs some functions which in many
countries are performed by ethnographic (ethnological) institutes: in addition
to the publication of many books and journals, and the organizing of national
(and even international) conferences, it has represented Polish ethnography and
ethnology, both in Poland and abroad at conferences organized by the
International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences and at
many Slavic conferences. The Polish Ethnological Society also organizes many
extensive field investigations and surveys to furnish materials for Polski Atlas
Etnoqraficzny and regional monographs. In July 1953 this latter work was
taken over by the Organizing Committee of the Institute of the History of
Material Culture of the Polish Academy of Sciences (the Institute was
established on 19 November 1953).
During the chairmanship of Professor Kazimierz Moszyński (1945 - 1953),
the seat of the Society's Main Board was moved from Lublin to Poznań (1
January 1952) and then to Wrocław (the turn of 1953). When Moszyński
resigned, Józef Gajek took over as chairman for one term of office (1953 -1956).
Later, between 1956 and 1961, the chairmanship of the Society was in the
hands of Professor Tadeusz Seweryn.
In the third period of its history, the Society was practically headed by Józef
Gajek. As before, Professor Jan Czekanowski proved to be an inspiration for
the Society. He was also chairman of the Society towards the end of the third
period (1961 - 1964). The third stage ended when Jan Czekanowski died (1965)
and Józef Gajek left the Society in 1965.
14
The Fourth Period (1965 -1991)
In the
years after 1965 a number of initiatives started earlier were
continued, particularly the editorial activity. Owing to highly positive assessment of the Society's work in the third period, the Polish Academy of Sciences
decided to continue to finance the statutory and editorial activities. However,
decreasing subsidies and growing problems with paper were a serious obstacle
to that activity. Nevertheless, in the period in question a new edition of Oskar
Kolberg's works was published, several volumes based on manuscripts were
printed (mainly edited by Józef Burszta). Publication of "Lud" was continued.
After Professor J. Gajek's resignation Professor J. Burszta became the journal's
editor-in-chief; after his death in 1987, Professor Z. Jasiewicz took over these
duties. Professor Czesław Hernas resumed publication of "Literatura Ludowa"
["Folk Literature"] which Professor Julian Krzyżanowski had formerly edited.
From 1964 to 1967 the Polish Ethnological Society was chaired by
Professor Bolesław Olszewicz and later by Professor Zawistowicz-Adamska
(1967 -1976). Professor Bronisława Kopczyńska-Jaworska
became chairperson
of the Society in 1976 (formerly secretary general). In 1980 her duties were
taken over by Professor Franciszek Wokroj. Dr. Anna Kowalska-Lewicka
became chairperson in 1982 and Dr. Janina Hajduk-Nijakowska
in 1989.
However, Dr. Hajduk-Nijakowska
was chairperson only for a year. Professor
Zygmunt Kłodnicki was elected chairman in 1990 and has served in this
capacity till today.
In the period in question an Ethnographic
Documentation
and Information Centre was established in Łódż (1968), where a number of bibliographies of Polish ethnography, ethnology and folklore were prepared. The Centre
cooperated with the most important international bibliographies. The negative
feature of the period in question was a gradual stagnation of branches. On the
other hand, the Society continued all its publication series.
The Fifth Period (After 1991)
The recent years witnessed serious changes. At the beginning of 1992 the
Polish Academy of Sciences stopped subsidizing the Polish Ethnological
Society. The Society has been supported by the Scientific Research Committee
which has provided funds for libraries, archives, Ethnographic Documentation
and Information Centre and the Editorial Board of Oskar Kolberg's Complete
Works. Publications of the Polish Ethnological Society have also been heavily
subsidized by the Committee. Considerable support has been given by the
Ministry of Culture and Arts. The Committee of Ethnological Sciences, Polish
Academy of Sciences, became co-editor of "Lud" and "Łódzkie Studia
Etnograficzne", which has helped the Society enormously.
Among new initiatives of the Polish Ethnological Society mention should
15
be made of the series "Biblioteka Zesłańca" (first issue in 1991) and Komentarze
do Polskiego Atlasu Etnograficznego (first issue in 1993).
The idea of "small motherlands" and regions, and the preservation of
monuments of traditional culture, popular in many countries all over the
world, has also become very popular in Poland. The Polish Ethnological
Society has joined the work of a few commissions at the Ministry of National
Education and the Ministry of Culture and Arts. In 1994 it took part in the 5th
Congress of Regional Culture Societies. The time has come when the Society
can achieve the dreams of its forerunners: to influence the education of
generations sensitive to their cultural heritage. Perhaps this will prove to be
a chance and a challenge for members of the Society in its second centenary.
The Polish Ethnological Society on the Eve of Jubilee Celebrations
The Society has about 1100 members who belong to 20 branches located in
Bytom, Cracow, Gdańsk, Kalisz, Kolbuszowa, Koszalin, Lublin, Łańcut, Łódź,
Mszana Dolna, Opoczno, Opole, Poznań, Szczecin, Toruń, Warsaw, Wrocław,
Zakopane, Zamość and Zielona Góra.
The members of the Main Board elected at the 68th General Assembly held
in Szamotuły (September 1992) include: Professor Zygmunt Kłodnicki, chairman, Dr. Anna Kowalska-Lewicka and Roman Tubaja, deputy chairpersons,
Dr. Magdalena Rostworowska, secretary general, Elżbieta Berendt, deputy
secretary general, Zbigniew Toroński, treasurer, Dr. Janusz Bohdanowicz,
deputy treasurer, Teresa Lasowa, member.
While it would be very desireable tq present here the members of the
Society who have contributed most to its development, such a list would be too
long. Besides, with the wartime loss of records and documents we would never
be certain whether we have not omitted a name or two.
In conclusion let us repeat Antoni Kalina's words who, like nobody else,
had the right to say "we did our best to work for the cause which we thought
important and useful".
BIBLIOGRAPHY
This bibliography does not list
library acquisitions, balance sheets,
Society, etc. which were printed in
compiled by G. A. Karpińska and
many reports on general assemblies, lists of members, lists of
profiles of scholars and members of the Polish Ethnological
"Lud"; readers will find this information in a bibliography
M. Niewiadomska, 1988, pp. 82 - 106, 108 - 135.
Burszta Józef
1969
Etnografia w ('wierćwieczu Polski Ludowej. Organizacja - tendencje - kierunki
badań [25 years of ethnography in People's Poland. Organization - tendencies
- directions of research], "Lud" vol. 53, pp. 31 - 59.
16
Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego
[On the 75th anniversary of the
Society], "Lud" vol. 54, pp. 5 - 8.
1974
Etnografia
polska.
Osiągnięcia
organizacja
perspektywy
[Polish ethnography. Achievements - organization - prospects], "Kultura i Społeczeństwo"
No 3.
1975
Etnografia polska. Osiągni(?cia - organizacja
- perspektywy
[Polish ethnography.
Achievements - organization - prospects], "Lud" vol. 59, pp. 5-21.
1978
Etnografia polska w 25-leciu Polskiej Akademii Nauk [Polish ethnography in the 25
years of the Polish Academy of Sciences], "Lud" vol. 62, pp. 3 - II.
1985
W 90-lecie Polskiego
Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego
[The 90th Anniversary of the
Polish Ethnological Society], "Lud" vol. 69, pp. 10-17.
Czekanowski Jan
1946
Półwiecze
"Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego"
[50 years of the Ethnological Society],
"Lud" vol. 36, pp. 33 - 88.
1970
W 75-lecie
Polskiego
Polish Ethnological
Czterdziestolecie
...
1985
40-lecie
oddziału
lubelskiego
Polskiego
Towarzystwa
[40 years of the
Ludoznawczego
Lublin Branch of the Polish Ethnological
Society], Lublin.
Dzieła wszystkie
Works of Oskar
Dzieła ...
1991
Gajek Józef
1946
Oskara
Kolberya.
Complete
Kolbery
-
Publica/ion
ed. Bogusław Linette, Poznań.
reference,
Śp. Professor
Dr Adam Fischer [The late Professor Adam Fischer], "Lud" vo!. 36, pp.
6- 18.
1952a
Polskiego
Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego
w okresie najblii.~zego 6-cio lecia
[The tasks of the Polish Ethnological Society in the coming six years], "Lud" vol. 39,
pp. 606 - 611.
1952b
Sześcioletni
plan pracy Polskiego
Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego
[A six-year plan of
work of the Polish Ethnological Society], "Lud" vol. 39, pp. 612 - 624.
1958
Rola Polskiego Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego
w polskiej etnografii w latach 1945 -1955
[The role of the Polish Ethnological Society in Polish ethnography in 1945 - 1955],
"Lud" vol. 43, pp. 9 - 32.
1966
W 70-lecie Polskiego Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego
1895 - 1965 [70 years of the Polish
Ethnological Society 1895-1965], "Lud" vol. 50, p. 3.
G[ajck] J[ózef]
1955
Polskie Towarzystwo
Ludoznawcze
we Wroclawiu [The Polish Ethnological Society
in Wrocław], "Przegląd Antropologiczny" vol. 21, folio 3, p. 1203.
Gajkowa Olga
1960
Polskie
Towarzystwo
Ludoznawcze
1895 - 1945 - 1960 [The Polish Ethnological
Society 1895 - 1945 - 1960], Szczecin.
1967
G[ajkowa]
1952
1954
Zadania
Historia
Polskieyo
w ciągu
siedemdziesięciolecia
Towarzystwa
establishment, development
51, part I, pp. 7 - 60.
O[lga]
Konferencja
etnografów
in Cracow
17 - 19 February
Ludoznawczego.
Jego powstanie.
rozwój
i znaczenie
[The history of the Polish Ethnological Society. Its
and signilicance in the past seventy years], "Lud" vol.
17 - 19 11 1951 r. [A conference of ethnographers
1951], "Lud" vol. 39, pp. 624 - 625.
w Krakowie
Sprawozdanie
z konferencji
w sprawie badań terenowych
nad rolnictwem
i hodowlą
z dnia 9 i /0 maja /953 w Foznaniu [Report on a conference on field investigations of
agriculture and breeding held on 9 and 10 May 1953 in Poznań], "Lud" vol. 41, part
2, pp. 1268 - 1280.
17
Gerlach-Kłodnicka
1966
Wrkaz
Jadwiga
dokumentów
(Ethnological
pages].
związanych
z działalnością
"Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego"
we
[Documents on the work of "Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze"
Society) in Lvov in 1895], "Lud" vol. 50, part 1, pp. 5-6 [plus 16
w 1895
Lwowie
roku
1 n{ol"/1wcja ...
1983
lnfórmacja
o działalno.vci
Polskiego
Ludoznawczego
[Information
Society], Wrocław [photocopy].
Towarzystwa
the work of the Polish Ethnological
on
1. H.
1965
Półwiecze
członkostwa
Jana Czekanowskiego
w Polskim
Towarzystwie
Ludoznawczym
[Jan Czekanowski - fifty years of membership in the Polish Ethnological Society],
"Lud" vol. 49, part 2, pp. 789 - 792.
Jasiewicz Zbigniew, Kłodnicki Zygmunt
1993
Przed lilII-leciem Polskiego
Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego
[Before the centennial of
the Polish Ethnological Society], "Lud" vol. 76, pp. 13 - 19.
Jaworska Bronisława
W odpowiedzi oddziałom - uwagi prezydium ZG PTL [Response of the Presidium of
1974
the Main Board of the Polish Ethnological Society], "Lud" vol. 58, pp. 325 - 328.
Jaworska Bronisława, Lewowicki Jerzy
Dyskusja oddziałów na temat osiągnięć i celów PTL. Podsumowanie
[Achievements
1974
and aims of the Polish Ethnological Society. Comments on discussions held in
branches], "Lud" vol. 58, pp. 321 - 325.
Judenko Konstanty
1958
Nowe prądy metodologiczne
w etnografii
polskiej okresu dziesięciolecia
(1945 -1955 )
i ich odhicie w pracach i puhlikacjach
Polskiego
Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego
[New
methodological trends in Polish ethnography in 1945-1955 and their reflection in
the works and publications of the Polish Ethnological Society], "Lud" vol. 43, pp.
49- 62.
Kalina Antoni
1895
S/O\W) wst('pne [Foreword],
"Lud" vol: 1, pp. 1 - 4.
1900
Pierwsze picciolecie
[The first five years], "Lud" vol. 6, pp. 1 - 6.
Kapcłuś Helena
1982
"Lud". Organ Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego
we Lwowie (1895 - 1918) ["Lud", an
organ of the Ethnological Society in Lvov (1895 - 1918)], in: Dzieje folklorystyki
polskiej 1864 - 191 R [The history of Polish studies of folklore 1864 - 1918], ed. Helena
Kapcłuś and Julian Krzyżanowski, Warszawa, pp. 338 - 390.
Karpińska Grażyna Ewa, Niewiadomska Maria
1988
Bihliografia
zawarto.lei
"Ludu" za lata 1895 -1985 [A bibliography
of wntmgs
published in "Lud" between 1895-1985], Wrocław, Archiwum Etnograficzne No 35.
Karwot Edward
1956
Zagadnienie wierzeJl i magii w pracach i publikacjach Polskiego Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego na tle osiągnięć etnografii polskiej w ostatnim dziesięcioleciu
[Beliefs and magic in the writings of the Polish Ethnological Society versus
achievements of Polish ethnography in the past decade], "Lud" vol. 43, pp. 71-92.
Kłodnicki Zygmunt
1993
Polskie
Towarzystwo
Ludoznawcze
(w przededniu
setnej
rocznicy
swego
[Polish Ethnological Society on the eve of its centennial anniversary],
Ludowa" 8, No I - 2 (23), pp. 74 -76.
1995a
Sto lat Pol.~kiego
Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego
[A centenary of the Polish Ethnological
law)], "Dolny Śląsk" 1.
I.ud t. I.XXIX
(Lwów-Lublin-Poznań-
Society (Lvov-
powstania)
"Twórczość
Wroclaw)
Lublin - Poznań - Wroc-
18
1995b
Towarzystwo
Ludoznawcze
we Lwowie
(dziesięciolecie
Antoniego
Kaliny)
[The
Ethnological Society in Lvov. On Antoni Kalina's tenth anniversary], "Literatura
Ludowa" 39, folio 4, pp. 3 - 25.
Kłodnicki Zygmunt, Stawarz Andrzej
1995
Jubileusz JOD-lecia Polskiego Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego
[The centennial anniversary of the Polish Ethnological Society], in: IDO lat Polskiego
Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego.
Informator
[A centenary of the Polish Ethnological Society.
A guide], Warszawa [no page numbers given].
Kowalska-Lewicka
Anna
1985
Józef Gajek w Polskim
Towarzystwie
Ludoznawczym
[Józef Gajek in the Polish
Ethnological Society], "Lud" vol. 69, pp. 18 - 22.
1988
Polskie Towarzystwo
Ludoznawcze.
Jego miejsce w życiu naukowym
i kulturalnym
kraju [Polish Ethnological Society. Its place in the academic and cultural life of
Poland], "Lud" vol. 72, pp. 47 - 65.
Kozyra Anna
1977
Ramowy plan pracy Polskiego Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego
na lata 1976 - 1980 [A
frame plan ofwork ofthe Polish Ethnological Society for 1976-1980], "Lud" vol. 61,
pp. 341- 342.
Krzyżanowski Julian
1971
Folklorystyka
polska [Polish studies of folklore], in: G. Cocchiara, Dziejefolklorystyki w Europie [The history of folkloric studies in Europe], Warszawa, pp. 627 - 638.
Kutrzebianka Anna
1948
Rozwój
etnografii
i etnologii
w Polsce [The development of ethnography and
ethnology in Poland], "Historia nauki polskiej w monografiach" vol. 14, Kraków.
Kuźmicz Bolesław
1958
Zagadnienie
popularyzacji
etnografii [Popularization
of ethnography], "Lud" vol. 43,
pp. 157 - 182.
Nasz Adolf
1958
Działalność
Polskiego Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego
w ostatnim
dziesircioleciu
w zakresie prac naukowo-badawczych
i wydawniczych
[The work of the Polish Ethnological Society in the past decade. Research and publications], "Lud" vol. 43, pp.
33 - 48.
Obchód ...
1905
Obchód
jubileuszowy
Ethnological
Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego
[Jubilee
celebrations
of the
Society], "Lud" vol. I I, pp. 97 - 98.
Polskie ...
1957
Polskie
Posem-Zieliński
Towarzystwo
Ludoznawcze
[Polish
Ethnological
Society], Wrocław.
Aleksander
się etnografii polskiej jako samodzielnej dyscypliny naukowej (do 1939)
[Formation of Polish ethnography as an independent scientific discipline (till 1939)],
in: Historia etnografii polskiej [History of Polish ethnography], cd. Małgorzata
Terlecka, Wrocław- Warszawa- Kraków-Gdańsk,
pp. 29 - 113.
1973
Kształtowanie
Regulamin ...
1898
Rybowski
1905
Regulamin
dla Oddziałów
the "Ethnological
Mikołaj
Sprawozdanie
''Towarzystwa
[By-laws for branches of
Ludoznawczego"
Society"], "Lud" vol. 4, pp. 101- 105.
z czynno.fci
dziesięcioletniej
Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego
we Lwowie
[Report on a decade ofwork ofthc Ethnological Society in Lvov], "Lud" vol. II, pp.
320- 323.
19
Sobisiak Walerian
1958
Zagadnienie źródeł archiwalnych w pracacII Polskiego Towarzystwa Ludoznawczego
[The problem of archival sources in the works of the Polish Ethnological Society],
"Lud" vol. 43, pp. 93 - 121.
Sprawozdanie ..
1952
Sprawozdanie z hmłali terenowych Polskiego Towarzystwa Ludoznawczego w 1952 r.
[Report on field investigations conducted by the Polish Ethnological Society in
1952], "Lud" vol. 41, pp. 1259-1267.
Statut. ..
1946
Statut Towarzystwa Ludoznawczego [Statute ofthe Ethnological Society], "Lud" vol.
36, pp. 417-424.
1947
SWtut Towarzystwa Ludoznawczego [Statute of the Ethnological Society], "Lud" vol.
37, pp. 519-531.
1962
Statut Towarzystwa Ludoznawczego [Statute of the Ethnological Society], Wrocław.
Staszczakówna Zofia
1954
Sprawozdanie z prac nad Polskim Atlasem Etnograficznym za okres 1947 -1953 r.
[Report on the work on the Polish Ethnographic Atlas in 1947 -1953], "Lud" vol.
41, part 2, pp. 1280-1283.
Sulitka Andrej
1975
Podpisanie umowy o współpracy między Słowackim Towarzystwem Ludoznawczym
a Polskim Towarzystwem Ludoznawczym (oraz) Umowa o współpracy [The signing of
an agreement between the Slovak Ethnological Society and the Polish Ethnological
Society (and) Agreement on Cooperation], "Lud" vol. 59, pp. 292 - 295.
Trawińska-K waśniewska Maria
1958
Życie społeczne w pracach wydawniczych Polskiego Towarzystwa Ludoznawczego
w okresie ostatniego dziesięciolecia
[Social life in the writings of the Polish
Ethnological Society in the past decade], "Lud" vol. 43, pp. 63 - 70.
Zawistowicz-Adamska
Kazimiera
1973
Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze. Dorohek, działalność, perspektywy rozwoju [Polish Ethnological Society. Achievements, work and prospects for development],
"Nauka Polska" No I, pp. 80 - 106..
1975
Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze. Dorobek, działalność, perspektywy rozwoju [Polish Ethnological Society. Achievements, work and prospects for development],
"Lud" vol. 59, pp. 23-48. [A modified version of the 1973 article].
Translated by Zbigniew Nadstoga
