Cyfrowa Etnografia

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Jan Czekanowski

ETHNIC STRUCTURE

OF AFRICA AND ITS LATEST FEATURES

The African continent forms a perifery overflown by migration waves
from Eurasia. Due to its geographic specifity this continent is also a zo:'!e
with not very transformed
r~lics of various component parts of African
population
brought by those waves. A genetic synthesis of the actual
many-coloured eThnic picture of the African continent ought to be therefore
based upon information
concerning
the consecutive
migration
layers.
Unfortunately
historical written sources can give us only data about
the three last big expansions standing out against a linguistic background,
which have transformed
the ethnic conditions in Africa. They cast light
upon the question of invasions of Indoeuropean, Semitic and partly Hamitic folks to .!Iuch an extent that we are able to understand
the matter of
the transmigrations
of the indigenous population in connection withabove
mentioned catastrophes. As to the old layers of African population which
were the result of migration processes in the remote past, not illustrated
by information
coming from historical sources, we must, if we want to
study tho.!!e layers, rely upon the results of ethnographic,
anthropologic
and linguistic investigations which in the neare.!!t future will be probably
in a very modest degree, supplemented
by archaeologic
achievements.
This concerns above all the immence territory of the very differentiated
Negro formation together with the South-Eastern
zone of Hamitic expansion.
The synthetic summary of investigation results concerning the material
culture of African folks given by Bernhard Ankermann enabled not only
a general identification
of the main complexes of culture which bare
testimony of migration processes in· the past reconstructed
on this base,
but made also possible to compare those complexes with the achievements
of anthropology and partly even with the results of linguistic investigation5.
It is a schematic review of the history of the African population with
a range including the past from the pluvial era up to the European
diluvium; the above author gives also in his work a description of the
Asiatic and European invasions confirmed by historical sources. Due to
the remaining relics of the remote past the reconstruction
of the history
of the African population can prove to be quite a success.

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573

The European colonial expansion differs from the former invasions
because a comparatively
small quantity of newcomers from European lands
has invaded the whole African continent and organized the exploitation
of this natural resources in such an extent as never before.
At the present time we witness the beginning of a process when the
waves of the invasion which have flooded the African continent begin
to slide off leaving there the native population.

Stefan

Łysik

AFRICAN PYGMIES

AND THE PROBLEM

OF THEIR LANGUAGE

Pygmies, i. e. dwarfish tribes living somewhere in distant lands had
been already mentioned by ancient writers. Egyptian sources from about
4 thousand years ago tell us about some divine dwarf-dancers,
which
were brought to the capital Memphis from virgin rorests of Central
Africa. Writers of ancient Greece and Rome like Herodotus and Homer,
later Ktesias, Pliny and others, following the example of Egyptians dropped
also hints of little known dwarfs-pygmies
in their works, locating the
dwellings of those tribes somewhere
at the peripheries
of the antIque
world. Then during the whole medieval era, up to the modern times
nothing has been heard of them. We know about this folk only that
what had been quoted by ancient writers.
That is why these antique
items of information have been considered to be fairy-tales.
In 1870, the explorer Schweinfurth,
and before him, du Chaillu, discovered in the woods of Central Africa roving tribes of dwarfs, the exintence
of which in the world was unknown till then. Because of their resemblance
to Negroes, they have been named in the French manner NegrilIaes, i. e.
small Negroes. The scientific world took great interest in that discovery.
The scholars were captivated
by the small stature of this folk. They
soon became keen on other tribes of dwarfish height living in other continents, especially in Asia. It appeared that many a dwarfish tribe was
known there for scores and even hundreds of years to some nations, like
Arabs, Spaniards and later to Englishmen. These nations knew the Aet;"!
dwarfs of the Philippine Islands, the Semand dwarfs of the Peninsula of
Malaya and the Andamans of the Archipelago. The Spaniards have given
all these dwarfish tribes a common name "Negritaes" oar small Nogr02s.
The French scientist, A. de Quatrefages
thought they were descendants
of the ancient pygmies, mentioned by the antique writers and he proposed
therefore
to call the Asiatic Negritoes and the African Negrilloes -

Pygmies. Beside the common name, all these dwarfish folks were suppos'?d
to belong to one single Pigmy race and culture and according to palaeontologists' opinions of those days they were considered to stay, because of their
dwarfish undeveloped
form, at the beginning of some evolutional
chain
and in that way the Pigmy race ought to be the oldest one, out of which
all other races developed later. This opinion was mainly propagated
by
the Swiss Kollmann and after him for some time by W. Schmidt and other
scientists who were also willing to ascribe all these Pygmies to one homogenous culture, the oldest in the world. Thus, the Pigmies became a very
important problem in the history of mankind evolution.
This problem became more complicated in time because of more d~teiled inv€stigations performed with dwarf groups scientifically little known
or quite unknown and because of fudher
discoveries of dwarfish groups
in the world, e. g. on the Hebrides, New Guinea and in other places.
The problem was in some way darkened
by Emil Schmidt, who in
1905, disregarding
other specific, racial and cultural
features
proposed
to class in the Pigmy group all dwarfish
tribes whose height did not
exceed 150 em. Further
complication
of the Pygmy problem
arose in
connection with their native language because more minute investigations
on the Pygmies revealed that although all the dwarfish tribes, considered
to be Pygmies, distinctly differed from their tall neighbours
in so far
that they owed a specific, very primitive culture and some dwarfish racial
features, but in the question of language were rather similar to them. They
spoke the language of their neighbours which were different in racial and
cultural respects, or used some relics of a littee known language. Only
the Bushmen and Andamans which were at that time still considered to
by Pygmies, used in everyday life their native language. Probably this
lack of a native language convinced some scientists to deny the pygmies
to have any kind of historical independence
and to consider them to be
a degenerated race.
The best answer to that lot of difficulties in solving the Pygmy problem
has perhaps given the same W. Schmidt, who since 1910 encouraged by
all means the scientists in the world to begin immediately with a thorough
investigation in order to settle the Pigmy question in the history of mankind
evolution. He helped to organize after the first world war several scientific
expeditions to various dwarfish tribes. It was by that time probably tile
most valuable contribution
to the researches and discussion about Pigmies.
There was a lot of exploreres. The first scientifically
trained explorer in
this line was our Jan Czekanowski,
who investigated
the Pigmies and
Pigmoid tribes in Africa in 1907/8. Among other Pigmy investigators
cif
great merit were Vanoverbergh,
Schumacher,
Gusinde and others, and
first of all Paul Schebesta, who has be2'n making scientific researches
concerning all the Pigmies in the world for se,'eral decades. In 6 expedi-

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574
tions which he made between 1922 and 1955 he tried to investigate
roughly the dwarfish tribes in different places of Asia and Africa.
For some time past he has been inten~ively working to solve
complicated linguistic problems of the Pygmies.

thovery

The last word in science after lasting investigations
is as follow~:
in has been definitely stated that all the dwarfish tribes in Asia, Africa
and Oceania greatly
differ in anthropologic,
ethnologic,
linguistic
and
religious respect~. Thus, it can be no question of a genefic link between
African and Asiatic Pygmies. The most authentic
Pygmies proved to be
the dwarfish tribes in Central Africa, particularly
the Bambuti who are
living in a complex mass, in woods on the Ituri banks, in Belgian-Congo.
Only those dwarfish tribes in Central Africa have the right to be called
"Pygmies" and 'noother
folk in the world has such r1gh t. The refusa,l of
granting thi~ term to some other dwarfish tribes in Africa, Oceania and especially to the Asiatic dwarfs - Negritaes, doesn't of course mean the cancellation of their great significance in the history of mankind development.
The linguistic aspect of the question amounts to that: the Negritaes,
L e. the tribes Aeta of the Philippine
Islands and the Semang of the
Malaya have probably
lost their native language.
The Aeta are using
today dialects of their tall neighbour~, the Semang have kept the ancient
languages of the Australasian
linguistic group, The Andamans nave saved
their native language.
As to the authentic
Pygmies, to whom, according to latest opinions
of the majority of specialists in this line, belong the Bambuti tribes in
Central Africa, - despite all pretences, they pos~ess their native language,
although in a relic state. Their own language has been superlaid by more
modern Negro dialects. In this way their language became a substratum
uf
the three linguistic Negro - Bambuti groups from the Ituri basin, viz. one
Pigmy - Bantu group and two groups of Pigmy - Sudan languages. Thus,
those are the languages actually spoken by Bambuti Pigmies a~ well as
by their Negro neighbours
living with the former in a special form of
community, which the in. estigators call symbiosis. These three groups of
languages correspond to the division of Bambuti Pigmies into three groups:
Basua Efa and Aka. In all tho~e languages,' especially in those spoken
by B;mbuti, many grammatical,
lexical and phonetical
relics of the old
Pygmy language can be found.
Paul Schebesta
is among the investigators
of the Pigmy problem
rather the only specialist in the world who has a very big comparative
linguistic material concerning this folk, collected during his expeditions
to their land which lasted many years. Only he can tell something definite
about their language. He has just annouced the publication
of the third
volume about the Bambuti
Pigmies which will exclU5ively deal with
the question of the Pigmy language.

Waclaw Korabiewicz

MA WIA BIG ARTISTS

In 1947 when I went to work at the King George's Vth Museum in
Dar-es-sal~am,
Tanganyika,
I found there a very original mask, a similar
one I have seen in no European museum. Slightly larger than life size it
was carved from a single piece of very light wood. The nose was flat,
lips large and fleshy, teeth bared and cut out individually.
The whole
face was covered with scar~ and tattooing stuck on with wax. Tfie most
original things about the mask, however, were the half-closed
eyelids
and its real negro's hair. The eyelids made it appear a death mask. The
inside of the mask was hollowed out and the opening of the neck large
enough to enable the mask to be placed over the head of a óoy or youth.
Naturally,
I tried to discover the origin of this mask. Unfortunately,
the only reference in the Museum's book5 recorded it as being the gift
of a priest from the Mission at Lindi. The donor was since long dead, and
except that nobody knew anything else. There was nothing to be done
but to go to Lindi, and this I did, but all I achieved was to discover that
none of the missionaries working there had ever seen a mask like that.
They, however, suggested me to go to Nanyanga, which I -dId.
A long and exhau~ting pilgrimage began from place to place in search
of traces of the mask. In the territories
of The Wamwere, Makua and
Makonde (Tanganyika)
I found several interesting
masks, but they were
all flat, covering only the front of the face and already described and
illustrated
in Karl Weule's excellent book N a t i veL
ife in East
A f l' i c a. I was on the point of giving up the search when, in Kitangari,
not far from the Mozambique boundary,
I was brought a splendid old
mask of the same kind as that in Dar-es-Salaam,
though arti5tically even
more interesting. Unfortunately,
I was not able to discover where it came
from, but it looked as though it had been made by the Mawia, that Is
a branch of the Makonde tribe living on the far side of the River Ruwuma,
in Portuguese Mozambique. I, therefore, crossed the frontier and with the
help of the local authorities
wenf from village to village asking. about
the mask. As before, no one had even heard of it, and I was almost beginning to believę that thi5 might be the case, since such a conscientious
searcher as Karl Weule had never found one.
After two weeks of being sent from chief to chief, from mission te
mission, I was making my way back to my point of departure
when
a strange coincidence struck me: I was passing the entrance to a path
leading into the bush and realized that I had already passed two others

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576
like it. It was not the path itself, for there were lots of narrow paths like
that one, but the decorative way in which all three entrances were ornamented. It was only when I was passing these symbols for the third time
that I became properly aware of them and felt that I wanted to see what
lay beyond. I turned down that third path, but my porters warned me
then that one was not allowed to go that way without permission of the
chief. I decided, therefore,
to put a distance between myself and those
inconvenient
witnesse~ and sent the porters ahead, and followed them at
some space. As I had expected, I soon came to a fourth path similarly
marked and turning into it ran down it for a hundred yards or so. The path
led in a zigzag to a small clearing, on one side of which was a baobab and
on the ground, in the shade of this was a ring of large, flat stones and
in the centre of this ring ~ome ashes of a bonfire. At the other side of the
clearing, rather withdrawn,
and hidden, stood a tiny hut. Its low roof
almost descended to the ground. It had no windows or door, only one
opening.
Without
he~itation
I crawled
inside and stood up. It was
dark. I could feel a roof just above my head. Cautiously, I felt over it with
hands. There seemed bo be a shelf. I thrust my hand in and found three
objets wrapped in rags. Pulling down one of these I was delighted
to
feel that it contained a mask. At that moment I noticed in a strip of light
a line of bare feet in front of me. I was surrounded
by Negroes. Still clutching my prize, I crawled out into the light. In front of me stood at
least fifty old men. Gravely, though with reluctance,
they gazed into my
face.
I unwrapped
the mask. It was identical with that in the Museum at
Dar-es-Salaam.
I told the men that I would buy the mask. paying whatever
they asked. Out of respect for the Wazungu they did not protest and
accepted the money I gave them. "But", said"the eldest of the men, "Ewana
Mkubwa cannot have the midimo mask here and now. We will move to
the road and a little further
on, in the bush. Bwana must not show
it to anyone, or there will be awful trouble".
"All right, but I want to buy the other two as well".
"We have no others, only this one". IndignaJnt at such a lie I crawled
back into the hut, and ~treched out my hand for the other masks. The
shelf was empty. The masks had vanished.
Rather crestfallen,
I crawled out again. It would be useless to insist.
I had let myself be led up the garden path. After a while, when I was
outside the areaof the secret repository, they brought me the mask as they
had promised, carefully packed in a basket and covered with leaves and
rags.
That is how I discovered the great secret of the Mawia tribe. Within
a short time I had been down a dozen or more wch paths ornamented
with magical signs, which are called "Mpolo", and found scores of inte·-

resting masks which none of the local missionaries
had ever seen, nor
had Karl Weule.
That was in 1947. A couple of years later, it was possible to find
a standardized
type of mask (yellow) being offered for sale in Tanganyika
territory
by Mawia labourers
doing seasonal work on the sisal farms.
Later, when I visited Mozambique for the third time in 1953, I found that
a great change had taken place: some Europeans
near the frontier
had
organized
a regular trade in figures and masks which they shipped to
America. The Negroes, tempted by the profits, forgot all about their tabu.
The magical signs at the mouths of the paths had gone, gone were the
birds on strings, the little hedges, and any Mpolo I found gave the
impression of being abandoned and neglected. As it was I didn't find in any
shop or in private ownership such black masks, and I am convinced that
the really interesting,
fine specimens so farfound
are those I managed
to get for the Museums of Tanganyika,
New York and Poland.
In, iew . of the fact that so many of the customs of the Mawia' are
dying out and of all t.he sad changes I found on my recent visit, I felt
that I had to put on record all that I knew of them.
First, I wish to draw attention to a mistake in Wieschhoff's
B i b l i 0g l' a p h y a f N e g l' a A f l' i c a, published
by the American
Oriental
Society. Nothing appears under Makonde, but under "K" is the name
Konde followed immediately,
as though they were synonyms, by names
in brackets, Makonde, Ngonde, Wakonde, Wamakonde,
Wamgonde, Wankonde and Wanyankiuzu.
We must remember that the change of Wa into
Ba in Negro languages
denotes the plural,
but not always
and not
everywhere.
For example, the group of substantives
beginning with Ma
(Makonde) or N (Ngonde) do not change in the plural. Thus the names
given by Wieschhoff (p. 262), Warnakonde, Wangonde, are incorrectly
formed. The Nkonde tribe, or the Wankonde, does not exist. Wieschhoff has
erroneously
included under the common designation
"Kand e", two tribes
that have nothing to do with each other, the Ngonde, from the shores of
Lake Nyasa (blood relatives:
Nyankiuzu)
and the Makonde
from the
River Ruwuma (blood relatives:
Mawia).
I suggest that all tribes listed on page 262 under Konde, and those on
page 458 under Wamawia, should be regrouped and listed under "Makonde"
(Mawia) and "Ngonde" (Nyakyuza), respectively.
The great l\,jakonde C:wells at the lewer banks of the Ruwuma rLTer,
viz. in the district of Nevala on the Tanganyika
side, and in those of
lVIociboa and Dos Makondes on the Mozambique side.
The Ruwuma is thus a natural barrier which divides the Makonde into
two separate
branches,
each having completely
different
conditions
of
life, the first under German administration
and the second under Portuguese. The 120 miles coastal strip of the Ruwuma river inhabited by fi537

"Lud"

t LXV

578

579

herm en of Swahili ongm adds further
to this division and as a result,
it is difficult
to find to-day
some common ethnological
features
in
these two branches.
There is reason to suspect that the Makonde people of Mozambique
used to be cannibals. Even now the neighbouring
tribes tell incredible
tales about them, based on their strange gastronomic
taste for monkey,
rat flesh and various worms. This has earned them the contemptuous
name
"Mawia" by which they are known to their neighbours. They are deeply hurt
by this and insist on calling themselves "Makonde" only.
The Mawia inhabit the territory
encircled by the Ruwuma river in
the North, the Indian Ocean in the East, the Mdalo and the Mriti rivers
in the South, and the Luienda river in the West. They are an agricultural
people, strongly attached to their land. They move seasonally to neighbouring
Tanganyika in order to earn money, and always with the idea of returning
soon. They are very orthodox in their customs and different from other
Bantu tribes. It is out of the question for a Mawia woman to marry
a stranger. The Mawia men used to protect their WiVES and daughters
from kidnapping by disfiguring them with horrlble ugly lip-plugs inserted
into the upper lips.
Most probably because of the disgusting nature of "their food and their
different ways, the Mawia have a reputation for being slovenly. In reality
they are cleaner than most of the Bantu tribes. Their villages are bu"lt
in the shape of a quadrangle around a large, well- kept yard in the middle
of which is a strong chicken cage erected on high poles in order to protect
it against. leopards. The interiors of their huts are spacious and clean.
Domestic animals are kept in separate pens. Their utensils are often beautifully ornamented, especially tht water jugs. Fundam'2ntally,
the Mawia are
aesthetes and artists. The roads and paths leading to their dwellings are
hedged and carefully clipped. Even flowers are sometimes cultivated, a very
unusual thing among Negroes,.-.·"

---

C A R V I N G. The Mawia have a special talent for carving. Like all
primitive races, they are lacking in creative initiative, and therefore repeat
the traditional
patterns inherited from their forefathers,
preserving
long
forgotten forms as a kind of a sculptural "Legend". Almost every village
has its great "Fundi" (Craftsmen) whose inherent talent local authorities
are now trying to warp by forcing them to follow European
or Indian
common patterns instead of encouraging them to cultivate a beatiful, austere primitive Negro art. They make the things of everyday use: cooking
vesse;s, 5::;00n5, waler-j'ugs
or pipes, clubs, drums, gun.powder containers
and finally ... MASKS.
M A SKS. These represent the highest form of artistic achievement
I
believe the earliest masks were true copies of the heads of slain enemies.
As a rule the eyelids are half closed, giving a peaceful expression to the

dead face. The masks ("Midimo") are objects of greatest secrecy, jealously,
guarded by tribal "taboo". No woman is allowed to see them. If she does,
she runs the risk of dying or at the very least of becoming barren. This
belief is deep, sincere and generally held, that is why the Mawia hide
their masks in special secret places called "Mpolo". However, when the
dancer appears at the Ngoma (dancing) wearing his mask, women may
look at it without hurt. It would appear that Mawia women really do
believe in the supernatural
origin of the dancers. This great mystery surrounding the Midimo represents
the cardinal, basic ritual of the Mawia
life. Mawia masks can be divided into two groups:
1) The standard masks.
The individual masks.

2)

s,

L T h e S t a n d a l' d M a s k
let us ::all them the "Helmet Masks",
are found in every, village, yellow in colour, with tribal tattooing and sharp
features hardly resembling those of living faces, rather knight's helmets.
II. T h e I n d i v i d u a l M a s k is usually
There are four sub- groups:

a unique, original

specimen.

a) m a s k s o f E u l' o p e a n f a c e s, painted black, as a rule with
a tendency to express malicious, satiric criticism.
b) m a s k s o f M o n g o l i a n f a c e s varying in colour, sometimes white, sometimes black, whose Eastern features most probably date
back to the days of trade relations between the Asania coast and China.
c) m a s k s o f H i n d u f a c e s, - practically
always yellow, with
coloured turbans of the Sikh Sect. This group has only appeared in recent
times.
d) m a s k s o f A f l' i c a n n a t i v e s with local tatuage.
Mawia
masks are seldom old, as it is customary
to destroy them every three
years. The older specimens are to be found on the left bank of the
Ruwuma river, in the area of the Tanganyika Makonde branch, where this
custom does not exit. All masks are made from "Ntone" wood, which is
porous and very soft, and thus easy to work. The wood is very light and
does not crack with the change of temperature
or humidity. For tbeir work
the Mawia use self-made tools such as:
a) small
handle.

knife,

sharpened

on both

sides set on a wooden

cylindrical

b) the same knife only curved flatly at the end, for scooping purposes.
c) a kind of file made of a long slab with parallel incisions on it.
d) pieces of glass from broken bottles to smooth the wood. The masks
are coloured with powdered fire-brick,
charcoal and white clay mixed
with ground nut oil, called "Karangi",
to make a paint. Real hair is
always glued to the cranium of the mask.
37 \.

580
The Midimo is shaped like a helmet and has a wide opening in the neck,
through which the dancer puts his head. It is very skilfully hollowed till
it is as thin as a sheet of paper. The carver very seldom drives his tool
through by mistake. Usually, all masks are tattooed, but this is done just
before the dance, at the very last moment. For this purpose Mawia artists
use beeswax which they mix with groundnut
oil and a little powdered
charcoal and ashes, spread and roll the mixture
between outstretched
palms into a maccaroni shape, then put it on the surface of the mask
forming lines and triangles in perfect imitation of the tribal tattoo. As
I have already mentioned,
the midimo are kept in secret places called
"Mpolo".
MPOLO. A narrow, tortuous path leads to the Mpolo, winding round
bushes and tree-trunks.
It turns off from the main road somewhere close
to a large village. The entrance is cleary marked, most likely in order to
warn the uninitiated.
On either side of the path a slender tree is planted and the two tops
are joined by a string on which dead, dried birds are threaded, looking
like coloured beads of a necklace. Underneath, on both sides there are low
miniature hedges (25 em. X 20 em.).
The entrance to the path is usually covered with clean yellow sand.
So did those "Mpolo" look in 1947, when I saw them for the first time.
When I revisited the place in 1954, the stringed birds were no longer there,
and the hedges were not so well kept. On the whole, the importance
of
Mpolo, as I noticed, seems to be dying out. And presumably
that of the
tribal Taboo will soon become a thing of the past.
The path leads to a baobab tree beneath which is a ring of flat stones.
On one side, somewhat hidden, stands a small hut with a low grass roof.
One is obliged to enter on all fours. Darkness reigns inside. The hut is not
high but allows one to draw. oneself up to full height. In doing sO,our
hands will find the shelr"c;ii:which the mysterious masks are kept carefully
wrapped in rags. Usually, there are several of them. wIth their ha·cks turned
to the light, and the faces hidden. The tendency to transmit traditional
forms to new generations is not only seen in lVIawian sculpture, but also and
even more strongly in the traditional
ritual dance of the "Renaissance
Knight".
RITUAL DANCER. Any newcomer from Europe will be greatly astonished at the sight of the Renaissance Knight who suddenly appears in
the midst of the Negro crowd. There cannot be the slightest doubt as to the
origin of the costume of that dancer. White tricot, coloured ruff round the
neck, chain armour made of twisted grass, puffed coloured trousers, and
instead of helmet- a Midimo on the head. He is a grotesque, ludicrous
caricature of a Knight of the time of Vasco de Gama.
Let us describe his clothes in detail: The tricot consists of two strips

581
of cheap white calico - ·one of which covers both arms, the other - bot;1
legs. The material is shaped to the arms using thorns as pins.
The ruff and trousers are made of cheap coloured calico. The chain
armour is plaited from twisted grass. A procession of young men led by
the Renaissance
Knight advances to the sounds of beating drums and
rhythmical
singing. The leader trips and stumbles and feels his way like
a blind man as for some unknown reason, the Midimo masks are made
without hol~s f~r the eyes, so the poor dancer has to look downward
through thc fissures between the teeth of the mask. Some friend pushes
him in t.he right direction.
R I T U A L D A N C E R. Every Saturday
and Sunday
a "Ngama"
(Dance) is held in one of the neighbouring
villages. Mawia are very
;;ociably and friendly
people and therefore
everyone attends, going in
procession led by their "Knights". At their destination, the guests gather
spontaneously
in separate groups according to the number of different
lVIpolos represented.
In the middle of each group, a free space is formed
with the Knight at one end and the band of drums at the other. After
a short period of waiting in silence an orchestra of small drums beaten
with switches starts up. Its high-pitched
music resembles the croaking
of frogs. It is a special ritual tune not to be found anywhere else. Each
Knight spreads his arms then as if they were wings, crooks his fingers,
and bends his knees, in this grotesque attitude he begins to run, to shake
and to jump. Flapping his arms and kicking out with his legs, he turm
round at breathless speed and finally reaches the first row of the drums,
exhausted
where he falls into the arms of his guardian friend, who offers
him a ch~ir. The moment he has finished his dance the crowd with raised
hands points at the Knight and shouts imprecations, the wording of which
unfortunately
I have not been able to discover, since everyone gave a different interpretation.
It seems to me that tradition has preserved
only
the original gestures, and not the words. Nowadays, as far as I could
discover
they curse their personal enemies. On the whole, this ritual
costume' and dance seem to have been copied blindly from that of their
forefathers,
while the costume is an accurate copy of the dress of some
Portuguese conqueror of Vasco de Gama's day. The mask itself with its
idea of being put over the head is derived from the knight's helmet, but
the dance is satirical and jeering.
There are other similar dances, but in these no Knight takes part. To
the beating of small drums, now at a much slower tempo, rows of young
men march in a swaying step, with swinging arms, moving like clumsy
apes. When they reach the drum, they halt, to give the musicians time
to withdraw
a little, and, that done, the theatrical
show takes place.
Unf0rtunately
I had no opportunity
to study these performances
carefully.
I remember only one.

582

583

T H E A T R I C A L S H O W. Leopard Hunting.
Through
the legs of
the spectators standing in a wide circle crawls a very old man, his neck
and back co. ered with a leopard skin. He has to be a great
F d'"
(specialist). With his belly flat on the ground, he crawls alOng," a~~h;5
hIs gassy, .spotted spine, stiffens his muscles, and puts his whole childishly
gleeful heart into his acting. Soon after this come the archers each h Id'
a b'
t
l
'
a Inc,
mv,.. no a rea one but made on the 5,pot ,of a rough boweJ branch
an.d WIth arrows that are too long and have wads of cotton wool for
pOInts. Th: 2rchErs make a lot of noise. They approach the leopard, jurno
away agam, shout and run about without
accomplishing
anything,
Th~
leo~ard roars and charges furiously, So the comedy continues ad nauseam
untIl at last, a new figure, that of "Wazungu"
the masked Knight:
appe,ars .on t~e scene. He holds a real, antique flint-lock
in his hands.
Restmg It agamst his stomach he pulls the flint trigger. A terrible stunning
~oar drowns all other noise: the shouts of the people, the beating of the
~rums, and smoke blots e~erything
out. When the smoke clears, Wazungu
IS see.n on the ground wIth the furious leopard on top of him. Terrific
shoutmg, clapPing. of. hands and stamping
of feet eventually
scare the
leo;,>ard away. and, It ~mally disappears
between the legs of the spectators.
The poor Kmght IS lIfted up and carried away on men's shoulders. Then
the leopard rushes in again, but this time the brave archers kill him Wit~
spe~rs. The dramatic. story seems to be ended, but no! - Wazung appear's
a~all1, .healed from hIs w:mnds or may b·::,., . res',:ITected. Th<~ cr:wd' greets
hIm WIth scornful whistles, and he takes th'i hint and goes away again.
,'d

O R C H ~ S T R A. The orchestra
for dancing is exclusively
composd
of smalI-, blg- and medium-sized
drums; there are no string instrumenls.
a) S ID all. d l' U m s. These are not tucular,
but scoped out with only
~ne open end In shape like a_-"\line~glass. Across the one open end a skin
IS stretched and secured by-means of'pegs driven into the wood and tightllashed round with string like a cuff (upper diameter
of drum - 15 cr:
lower --:- 10 em.) Very cften the tase of these drums is made in som~
geometrIcal ~hape, or is carved to resemble the human head that is typical
for all MaWIa sculpture.
b) B i g d l' U m s ("Nionda")
These are narrow and very long, lii,,~
the barrel of a cannon. Their diameter
is similar to that of the small
dru.ms,. but unlike these, they are hoilow right through frem top to base.
It IS Important
to notice that Mawia Fundis sccop their drums WUl
~and-made
tools only and never by means of fire. As it approaches
the
oase e.ach long drum tapers into a waist which is often richly carved.
It IS ~ fact :hat there are fewer and fewer objects of such real and
~ure natIve art 111 the whole primitive world nowadays. Except for a small
1ron bell attached
to the dancer's feet the Mawia use no ether musical

instruments
at Ngomas. The masked
on his ankles and chain armour,

Knight

too has

iron

bells

hanging

O T H E R O B J E C T S of -H A N D I C R A F'T. - The Mawia smoke
tobacco. The Elders smoke special water-pipes
called "Niungw'a", which
are very similar to the Arab nargiles. The smoke from the clay bowl passes
through a water container made of coconut shell. There is a good description
of Niungwa in H. D. Collings "Notes on the Makonde Tribe of Port. East
Africa" (MAN, XXIX, 1929, page 25) so let it suffice here to reprodUCE
a photograph
of what unfortunately
is most probably the last specimen,
though the common type of Nyungwa without the human leg shape may
perhaps
still be found, C I u b s, circumcision
axes, and spoons richly
ornamented
with typical Maconde heads can still be found, But the most
interesting
objects are the "Ingaringa"
or powder horns made of wood and
horn, (See sketches
in excellent
ethnographical
work of Karl W'2ule:
"Native Life of E. Africa".) No doubt, Ingaringa belong to the past as do
flint-locks
with which they were used. They are oblong boxes with sliding
lids, sometimes
very nicely carved.
Some specimes
have features
of
a Chinaman witha funny pig- tail. Among the handkraftof
Mawia we can
find also round, wooden stools consisting of two plates joined by three
human
figures. These Caryatide-like
figures stand on the lower plate
supporting
the upper one. The whole is made of a single piece of solid,
heavy wood. As the Mawia never use stools and prefer to sit on the
ground or, better, to squat, stools were produced
for the neighbouring
tribes or for the Wazungu. That is why the best old specimens obtained by
some museums have teen found on the TanganyikaMakonde territory.
B l' a c e l e t s are mainly made of copper or brass, occasionally of ivm:y.
There are four kinds of metal bracelets:
l) Broad and embossed, with scratched
ornamentation,
called Gagele,
2) Narrow but wider, cut lengthwise
through, caled "Machana",
3) Still narrower
and less ornamented,
called "Makangana".
4) Very heavy, thick and broad, called "Makomea".
U t e n s i l s:
There
i's also a great
variety
of differe.ntly
sha,ped
domestic utensils made of wood, such as spoons, stirring
sticks, bowls,
trays and plates. Formerly
all these were decorated
in a very original
manner.
C l a y Wat e l' J a l' s. These call for a special attention,
They are
fashiorred by hands without the use of any mould. The average size is abod
half a meter in diameter.
Such jars are beautifully
decorated
all round,
The pattern
is engraved
and subsequently
whitened
so that the figureS
and pattern stand out nicely from the black background.
The best specimens of this work are to be found in Nakapemba
village. (posta Midumbe).
The Mosambique
branch of the Makonde tribe deserves special ethnological study, but for this I had neither time nor opportunity,

584

585

T H E M A K O N D E of T A N G A N Y I KAT.
The Makonde living
in Tanganyika
differ from the Makonde of Portuguese
E. Africa in the
following ways.
a) D i e t - they do not eat rats, monkeys, bush- babies, nor any vermin.
b) T a t t a 0- different and not sa rich.
c) L i p - p l u g s - "Niania" are white not black and without metallic
sticks on the top.
d) C a l' v i n g - They have no gift for carving.
e) D a n c e s - The ritual Knight Dance is not known.
Instead
they have several
other dances, the most characteristic
of
which are:
1) the S t i l t D a n c e, seen in Kitangari
village, and
"P a k e t e D a n c e, for which a special kind of rattles made of
round Miumba fruits are used. The fruits are fastened together in clusters
making a musical instrument
called "Maheve", which is attached to the
dancer's calf.
2)

They also make percussion music by beating empty bamboo stems with
small sticks. They do not use small drums and their big drums are different in shape, being narrower
in the centre and widening towards both
ends, like a bobbin. A skirt like a "Hula-Hula"
skirt is often worn for
dancing. This is called "Enkunumbi".
A hat made of black vulture feathers
and called "Lich and a" is also popular. It consists of two parts:
a) a rim of plaited grass, and b) a number of feathers
fastened
to
a string which, just before the Ngoma, is inserted round the edge of the
rim into a special notch, thus spacing out the feathers.
Nowadays, theó
Makonde wear European pyjamas for the stilt dance, which gives it the
appearance
of being a maskarade
or circus turn.
f) M a s k s groups:

they make only flat face-masks,

divided

into the following

1. Wazungu masks used -iH--Stilt Dances with black mustaches
black hair, made from goat hide, very banal in expression.
2. Makonde masks with the specific, characteristic
tribal tattoo
with the lip-plug for a female face.
3. Animal masks - dogs, monkeys, wild pigs etc.
4. Masks of different menacing monsters, or caricatures.
5. Masks of women's breasts so - called "Maziwa".

and
and

The above features
distinguish
these two branches
of the Makonde
tribe. What is much more difficult is to find what they have in common.
The following, if any, may be mentioned:
al the custom of filing their front teeth to a lion- like shape.
b) the manufacture
of masks. Although these differ in character,
the
very fact of their manufacture
is important, since only these two branches
uf the one tribe are the only people making them in East Africa. There

have been rumours of masks having been found in other parts of Tanganyika Territory or even in Kenya, but they have not been confirmed and
ought to be checked up. I have read about masks being made by the
Masaya, but this is pure nonsense, because the latter paint their faces and
never wear masks. Among the neighbouring tribes of Wamwere and lVIakua
one can sometimes find roughly hewn masks, but these are imitations
of the original Makonde masks.
c) the use lip - plugs, though these too are distinct in shape and colour.
Summarizing
the foregoing, I have come to the conclusion that the
deviation between the two branches is a process of centuries and has progressed so far that we are entitled to classify them as two separate tribes,
and I should be inclined to consider the derisiv(' nickname
of "Mawia"
borne by the Mosambique branch as a true tribal name, under which they
are recognized and acknowledged
by all their neighbours
and even by
more distant tribes.

I

I

Edu:ard Bulanda
IS IT THE CRISIS

i .1

~j
OF THE VIENNA

ETHNOLOGIC

SCrWOL?

The date of W. Schmidt's death, 1954, was at the same time the year
of the twenty - fifth anniversary
of the Vienna University
Ethnologic
Institute
in the extraordinary
development
of which the late professor
played the leading part. Those two coincident facts have given impetus
to perform
an analysis of the total ethnologic
activity
of the Vi,mna
School, a critical evaluation of its investigations
and to make some corrections of the methods applied hitherto by that institution,
viz. the so called
method of ,cultural circles. 1. In spite of war losses the international
:scientific
reputation of the Vienna Institute did not suffer, the proof of it being the
IV International
Congress of Anthropology
and Ethnology
which too!,
place in Vienna and the unanimous
election of professor W. Schmidt as
president of the Congress who was rewarded in this way according to his
enormous deserts for the science. "He was undoubtedly
one of the greatest
investigators
in the domain of our study" these were the words about him ..
writt n by prof. Kaj Birket - Smith, the 2 IV. 1954.
A special meaning for the development
of the Imtitute
after World
War II had also activities
of prof. Koppers
and Heide-Geldern
which
have beaten
the track
in getting
the support
of the Wenner-Gren
Foundation
for Anthropological
R2searches
in l\"ew- York. Thanks
to
that fact the Vienna Institute
has received
a big fond for ethnologic

II
iii'l'!

I

587

586
excursions and scientific travels as well as for its respective publications
and library requirements.
2. On base of a new ethnologic material and deaper understanding
·)f
the cultural life of primitive folks and in line with the progress of prehi~tory - the division into "cultural circules" 50 years ago, sketched by the
Vienna School as working hipothesis
has been thoroughly
che:ked and
subject to big corrections.
Nevertheless,
the crisis of the historical method of above mentionfd
School is out of questi-on, the fact of relati.onship of ,cultures and their
contacts continues to be, and is even stiil more, the main basis for comparative historical studies of folks w1".ich have no written sources.
It has been proved necessary to improve and enlarge the actual criteria,
following the same line as before; then the necessity of paying more interest than up to now for high cultures and folk - cultures remaining ir1
symbiosis with them has been emphasized;
especially
of great servke
in this line can be orientalistics,
egyptology, classic antiquity, hindolog:",
sinology and other sciel1lces.
As to the conceptions of the Vienna School concerning the durability
and preservation
of· cultural
products of primitive
folks a very great
importance
for the future would have a systematic
investigation,
performed on a wide experimental
base of duration and variation phenomena
in various types of culture.
To explain causality in the life of a given culture a big role is reserved
for psychology. A thoroughly
elaborated
psychology
of folks does not
exist yet. That is why it would be very useful for the purpose of such
a study to collect autobiographies
of members of various tribes, to make
an adequate analysis of proverbs of those folks, to gather notices about
their ideas of soul, about their dreams and data about their magics.
Ale these observations
do not affect the proper framework
of the
method whatsoever.
Neither did we undermine
the conception, that the
folks belonging to so called "pr;~~-it-ure"6r as they are known today people
of "old" or "basic culture" kept this culture together with religion really,
ceteris paribus, in the best way.
The genuine crisis concerns the cultural circles, the so called "principal
culture" of totemism, matriarchal
and shepherd cultures. In the historical
development of mankind they form, especially if we speak of the culture
of common land cultivators
and herdsmen,
a wide medium
phase.
W. Schmidt spoke of "culture circles" but the fact is as it has been stated
nowadays that we have to do only with big tendencies of cultural aspects
when together with a respective economic form some inclinations of social
and religions ideology begin to appear. Those "medium cultures"
takcn
by themselves are often very different even in the range of the same type
of economy.

3. Some recent results of ethnologic investigations
concerning: a) TotC'mism. A most general summary of the totemism problem shows that it
is neigher a religious form nor a transitory stage in the historical development of the human culture. At the same time it is not a specific feature
of some cultural phase or of an exclusive cultural complex.
b) Cattle breeding and agriculture.
We may first of all generally s'1Y
that cattle breeding was a result of a gradually
developing skill to cultivate the soil first on the territory
of anterior
Asia during the VI~h
millenium.
The breeding of animals probably started with the domestication
of the
sheep, [oat, pig and ox. Between 1':00 and EOO TI. C. began the nomad
culture of the horse in Central Europe and in the Transcaucasian
area.
The most recent form of cattle breeding is considered to be nowadays the
breeding of reindeer, contrary to what has been thought previously. Both
the Siberian shepherds of reindeer and the horse nomads have kept the
ancient features of religion and mythology what was well presented by
W. Schmidt in his work.
e) Matriarchy.
It is difficult to speak today about some exclusive matriarchal
culture phase and the old theory patriarchal
and matriarchal
opo5ed societes can nlOt be mai:1tained, the matter
is much more compli-

cated.

Maria

Trauiitska-Kwaśniewska

RESEARCHES ON THE QUESTION OF A COLLECTIVE THREE-FIELD
SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE
IN THE VILLAGE HRUSKIE, DISTRICT
OF AUGUSTOW IN THE XIXth and XXtl1 CENTURIES
The present work deals with the problem what role did play and doe5
still sporadically play the agriculb..:ral system in the total amount of social
and econcmic relations in the country.
A village in Ncrth-Eastern
Poland has teen chosen as example and
on base of investigations
which have been carried out on its territor~'
(mainly by means of interviewing
the oldest people in the village) th'3
economic system existing there at the end of the XIXth and the beginning
of the XXth century has been reconstructed;
it proved to form a tree field system of agriculture
without fallow, continuously
applied by 211
the inhabitants
of the village.
The village Hruskie is situated among the woods of the former Augustów virgin forest; its total area amounts to 500 ha, out of which 60 are
arable. It had been founded not earlier than in the 17th centuryand
had

589
588
been a fief sE'ttlement of the king. It is actually inhabited by 25 familips.
Up to the time the Augustów channel was built, the main source of living
for the population has heen agriculture
and new the majority is working
in the forest as "drivers". Out of various sorts of the ground only house
ground, garden ground and a part of marshes were not cultivated collectively. Because of the woods framing the village it was impossible to enlarge
the area of arable ground. After the description of all sorts of ground the
author has passed in review the means of dividing the fields along the
fences, names, measures, network of roads. All these matters were strictly
connected with the spatial system linked to this form of economics. Some
of them regulated
the good function of the whole system (the names
helped in the orientation, the fencing of the fields and of the total area
secured the safety of the common crops), other things preserved the rights
of the particular members to make use of common utility equipment and
the rights to an even division of material weatlh. The compulsion of field
cultivation (Flurzwang) does still exist in the village. As the space under
crop is small, the class of the ground comparatively
high and the amount
of pasture- ground fairly big, which gives the chance of cattle breading
with a subsequent possibility of a rich manuring - field cultivation with
no need of fallow is practiced in the village from time immemorial.
The
main cereals cultivated were rye and barley, actually supplanted
by oats.
We at has been sown since 1933, and before the beginning of World War II,
it has, together with oats, almost totally replaced barley.
Potatoes were planted tiU 1870 exclusively
in kitchen-gardens;
they
now rank the second place after rye. Vegetables and tobacco are planted
in gardens.
The compulsion
of cultivation
comprises
in the village:
a) almost all field works performed at the same time with all other members
of the community,
b) the growing on one's field section at kind of plants
as others do, c) a collective pasturage
of cattle on pasture-fields,
and
stubble-fields.
Exception form this system are only made in case when
in a potato-field
the middle is left to sam plants requesting
a late
harvest (so called klatka checkered field). The ground system has
a certain meaning for the mechanical
cultivation
and the technique
of
ploughing (to one side only). The wooden plough called "socha dwupolicowa" existed till 1920. A sickle is used till now in places where mowing
with a scythe is impossible the stripes being to narrow. Working with
modern machines is out of question by this ground configuration
(e. g. the
seeding machine, which cannot manoeuver
on the narrow
stripe).
Sheep and pig breeding prevailed before World War I; they pastured
in the forest and on the marshes. At the present time almost every farmer
has a hors2 (or two if he workes in the forest) and two cows per avarag~.
The organization
cf pasturing did not change for years; it is performed
by turns i. e. one person from each house is bond to pasture one day fJr

one piece of horned cattle and one day for the sheep. Side by side with
the income from agriculture,
means for living come from picking berries
and gathering mushrooms as well as from various wood work (cooperage,
shingle making, weaving of bast shoes etc.) and apiculture.
The spatial
configuration
of the village and the economic system put a stamp on the
community life and on the amusements of the inhabitants.
In conclusion the author has passed in review the problem of economi~s
in the Hruskie village from the point of view of subjective
elements
responsive for the existing situation. A low level of agricultural knowledg("
fear of bribery from the side of more knacky farmers were the factol:s
inhibiting the liquidation of strip farming in the period between the two
World Wars.
At the present time the main impulse for such liquidation is the tendency towards economic independence
and individual
planning
in the
domain

Bolesław

of agriculture

and cattle

breeding.

Garyga

AGRICULTURAL LITERATURE OF THE XVIII and XIX CENTURIES AS
SOURCE FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF TOOLS USED FOR THE
CUL:rrV ATION OF SOIL
In the present article we find an interpretation
of the descriptions
and
drawings given in the following publications:
1) Sincerus: Uwagi Tygodniowe Warszawskie, 1769 (Warsaw weekly notes), 2) Krzysztof Kluk: O rolnictwie, 1779 ,acout agriculture)
and 3) Dziennik Ekonomiczny Zamojski
1804 (The Zamość Economic Journal).
The author's aim is to solve the problem whether the descriptions
and
drawings of the plough, ard and "socha" given in above mentioned three
works have been taken from nature or borrowed from other sources and
whether they represent tools used in this country. On base 01 results obtained from the analysis of the matter the author comes to following conclusions: 1) The drawings of the ard and plough in the "uwagi Tygodniowe
Warszawskie"
(fig. 1, 2) are not taken from nature but from a differe:1t
source, the drawing of the plough being a modification of the ard drawing.
On the other hand, the description gives dialectal names of plough parts,
which still appear in the vicinity of Lublin (see the enclosed map). The
dialectal names are proof that the plough parts marked by t.hose names
were known in the second half of the XVlIIth century in that area, though
the given drawing is not a picture of above plough.

591

590
2~ The drawings of the ard and plough in the work of K. Kluk (fig. 3, 4)
are taken from a different source, probably from the same one, the author of the "Uwagi Tygodniowe Warszawskie"
has made use of. A certain
similarity of drawings and of the descriptions scheme points to that. Yet,
K. Kluk uses in his descriptions
other words than Sincerus (not dialected
words) which proves that he did not make use oi the work oi the latter.
As to the drawing of the socha in K. Kluk's work it has been taken from
nature and is the oldest known picture of this tool on the territory of Poland. In the description of the "socha" K. Kluk used dialectal names.
3) The drawings oi the ard and plough in the "Dziennik Ekonomiczny
Zamojski", (fig. 7 and 8) were taken from Johann Mehler's work "Del'
Ackerbau des Konigreichs
Bahmen" (1794) and represented
tools used in
the land of Czechs (fig. 9 and 10); as to the socha (fig. 6) it has been copied
from K. Kluk's work. Furthermore,
all the drawings ,in the "Dziennik Ekonomiczny Zamojski" are turned round like in a mirror.
To explain these
drawings the descriptions oi tools given in K. Kluk's work have been partly
used, and the rememing descriptions have been translated from the German
text of J. Mehler's work.

Kr:;;;ysztof

Kwaśnie·wski

CULTIVATION

OF BRU (SETARIA
DURING

ITALICA)

THE XXth

IN MINOR POLAND

CENTURY

On base of terr<itorial investigations
during 1954-1956 the existance of
traditions and relics of bru cultivation has been stated in scores of Minor
Poland villages (see enclosed map and index of investgated
villages). Except those places the cultivation
of bru in Poland is unknown, and the
name "bel''' one can meet only in songs on the territory
of Lublin and
Kurp,ie provinces.
The .author has made a c·omparative schedule out of
European archaelogic data cpncerning the cultivation
of bru and out of
resf·ective references
in Polish herbariums
and agricultural
handbOOKS
since the XVht century.
It results that the cultivation of bru was known
mainly in ::::outhern Poland and partly in Eastern Poland, thus on the
expansion way of this plant from the center in China to Switzerland where
the appearance
of bru has been confirmed by archaeological
data. The
description of cultivation
and treatment
of bru as well as registered opinions d reasants on the matter of this millet prove that the keeping of
such plantations
reąueste:i a lot of work with the use of primitive hand
tools. The barley made of bru for feeding purposes was considered to be

less nutritious
and tasting less good. Only the great fertility ef this cora
was the reason of its cultivation .in the split andovercrowded
peasant farms
in D/linor Poland.
The trend of the surplus of the country population to the towns, the
appearance
of new agricultural
tools for harve,sting
and treatment
of
crops as well as the fiasco of autarchy tendencies which existed even in
small peasant farms was the reason of a definite decline of bru cultivation.

Tadeusz

Seweryn

HUNTING

LURE METHODS

The material collected for this work comes from Poland and neighbouring countries. It has been divided into following parts: luring with
tlJ.e mouth, live and artificial decoys, luring tube, pipe, bag-pipes, cockleshell and feather instruments.
All sorts of scarecrows
acting upon the
senses of sight, hearing and smell have been described separately.
One of the most ancient means of luring is to make use of the mouth
without the help of any instruments.
The Guzul and Volhynian hunters
knew how to imitate the wolf, calling the wolf-cubs
to reply joyfully
from their den. TlJ.e Byelorussians
can imitate the deap basso of the deer
and the Huculs, the voice of the doe, of the chamois and the he-goat,
the cackle of wild hens or the song of the hazel-grouse.
The Slovaks
are masters
in imitating
the mating-calls
of the wood-grouse.
Other
hunters are ab'e to stop a running hare making a loud smaking sound
with their mouth or to imitate the voices of the virgin forest: the whistling of the thrush, the scream of the owl etc. An old hunting trick is to
make use of animals for luring purposes. A sheep or sucking-pig calls the
v'.'olf to the treacherous
pit-fall
and to the shooting stand, a partridge
hidden i'n a dark basked calls other hen, a crow attached to a p-erch
catches with its claws another crow which came to rescue the prisoner
(fig. 1); ducks and domesticated
cranes are luring into the net birds
of the same f€ather. To a pole talled spar are being attached
bullfinches, goldfinches and ducks which were kept in aarkness
the whole
winter, whereas a hidden hunter pulled the string, thus making tne birds
flutter and peep, calling other birds. Siberian ducks, called krakuchy
are
best for this purpose. Eagle-owls on a pole lurre all sorts of birds withi:l
gunshot (fog. 2) artificial
heath-cocks
made of black felt (fig. 3) and
ducks have teen also used.
Decoy-instruments
have different names. They are made of wood, ivory,
le8.ther, . horn, feather, nut-shell, leaves, metal etc. A tube made of pine

"

593

592
Hood, of birch rind with melted resin inside, or tube as shown in (fig. 9)
serve to lure deer and elks.
A pipe made of gODs bone or hare bono<:is used to lure haze-grous3s
and heath-cocks. To play this instrument
one has to move the finger on
the oblique cut on the other side of the pipe.
With similar decoy
-instruments
made of a marten leg bone do the Guzuls imitate the sereem
of the hare, thus luring the fox. This beast of pray is also called by a kind
of whistle
which
imitates
the squeak
of a mouseor
by means
of a decoy-tool made of an ox-horn (fig. 6). With that instrument
hunters
imitate in March the erotic sounds uttered by a hare or the bleating of
the kid calling the mother goat. A bone pipe connected with a pleated
leather-bag
is used to lure quails (fog. 7). When pulling with two fingers
a string a·croslS a membrane
fastened
on the ring of a horn small
flocks of partridges
are lured. A tin platelet, double-folded
and perforated in its upper part is a decoy for hazel-hen
(fig. 5). When blowing in
a pear-lief or in a piece of birch7bark
put between two thumbs, hunters
imitate thesqueak
of a roe in heat running
to escape the roe-buck.
With a view to lure o fox or a lynx a forest grass plant called "psiarka"
fixed between two scraps of wood is used in the same way as above
(fig. 8).
The tube to lure elks belongs to the same class of decoy-instrument~.
Fire is a powerful means to scare away wild beasts. Bird feathers or
scraps of linen hung on a string upo;n the earth frighten
animah with
a weak sight such as roes, deer, faxes, wolves and wild boars. This means
of keeping off the game in the forest was already known in ancient times.
Wolves which are not hungry can be frightened by the sound of iron, that
is why peasants driving through a forest in a sledge tie an iron chain
which is being dragged upon the earth. In old times, when chasing with
falcons, birds were raised up to a flight with a roll of a drum. Polecats
were driven away by the odour of rue, martens by the sent of tobacco
juice diluted in oil and moles were kept away by means of kerosene,
camrhor or the odour of putrid fish or rotten cabbage.

Maria

Frycz
TALE OF THE ANIMALS

IN A HUT

The tale of the animals in a hut belongs to the most popular fairy-stories in the world. In the international
systematic cataloque of tales by
Aarne-Thompson
it appears in the part where stories about wild beasts

.

,

and domestic animals are collected and is entereJ
under number 130.
Antti Aarne consacrated to the analysis of this motive an interesting work
~ntitled "wandering
animals". In this work he passes in review Asiatic
versions and a series of European
specimens of tales. Of course the
Finnish stories form the majority, with 202 items, making almost 2('.': of
all the European tales out of which there are 12 Polish ones.
Aarne gives an analysis and comparison of the Asiatic and European
tales. He things that the reason of their spread is their interesting
and
vivid topic. The secial reasons of the popularity
of fairy-tales
does not
interest Aarne.
The author of the present work deals with the Polish versions cf
above mentioned tale and aims to interpret
its wide propagation
against
a background
of social conditions of the people's life. The interna1ional
subject-matter
of the tale is often subdued to specific and characteristk
changes of its form depending on the region where the given version comes
from.
The analysis of 57 Polish versions (38 published and 19 collected by
means of folk-lore form) di~closed a certain relationship
with Slav and
West-European
versions and although all regions are not uniformly represented (tales from Great Poland and Kujawy provinces are missing and
there are but few stories from the Mazowsze province) one can state some
interesting
difference in the text and form of those tales in line with
the different ethnic and social character of a given part of Poland .
The analysis of the story themes was based upon the scheme given by
J. Krzyżanowski
(Polish folk tale in a systematic review, page 63). Animals
badly treated by their masters decide to wander out in the world; the ide",
comes usually from the cock or horse; other animals, and sometimes a man,
join the company on the way. The animals intend to spend the night in
an empty hut beloging to the devil or to ruffians, or some wolf; such hut
might be haunted by ghosts. When the proprietor
comes back the animals
attack him and kick him out of the hut. They remain then there or leave
taking away hidden treasures found in the house.
There are all sorts of interesting
deviations of the general scheme e.g.
the man who joines them is an old soldier turned out by the queen or
[, poor fellow looking for a better life. The set of the animals mayalso
change, viz. the Mediterranean
donkey is supplanted
by the 'horse, the ox
by the ram, other animals appear, e.g. the gander, the duck or the crayfish - typical for the fairy-tale
of the Małopolska province.
A far relationship
with the Asiatic tale is marked by above crayfish
which took the place of the scorpion. We meet sometime3 with a fish,
hedgehoi, and egil and with things like bricks, whetstones
and needles.
The analized tales can de divided into 3 groups: a North-Eastern
tal",
from the Poli~h borderland where the animals build the hut by themselves;
38 .,Lud"

t. LXV

594
this type of tales is similar to the Byelorussian
or Baltic ones. Among the
genuine Polish versions, the group of Pomeranian
and Silesian tales, thus
the Western
group, as well as the Southern
group of the Małopolska
province,
should be pointed
at because of their peculiarities.
In the Pomeranien
and Silesian variation
we meet with the following
motives: the animals
are mostly the cock, the cat, tlie dog and the donkey; they after want to be musicians;
we always have the ruffians
hut.
The literary
value of the tales is rather
mediocre,
their dialoges
are
schematic
and monotonous.
The tales from the province
of Małopolska
are more inspired and fanciful. Instead of the donkey we meet with known
domestic
animals,
such as the horse, ox and ram, the crayfish
appean
often, the number
of wandering
animals
is greater.
The devil's
or tb."
haunted
hut, the forester's
or the farmer's
house supplant
the ruffians
hut. These tales ha;:e many versions
and do differ from the stereotype
motive. They have quite a lot of picturesque
descriptions
of which even
a good writer
would not be ashamed.
We can also often find in these
tales interesting
descriptions
of everyday
life in the country.
A comparison
of Asiatic elements with various animals
reprei'ientcd
in
our tales leads to the conclusion
that the donkey, gander and the ram are
animals which were introduced
later. The most ancient motives are probably the cock and the crayfish (scorpion). The horse came later and next
were the cat, dog and drake and finally the ox. The choice of these animals
is connected with the conception
of the Asiatic tale and at the same time
is strongly
linked with our tale from the province
of Małopolska
where
the Asiatic elements
have been duly modified.
The enormous
popularity
of a tale probably
doesn't ensue only because
of its thrilling
subject-matter,
as Aarne claims, but is a reflection
of discontent of the people dissatisfied
with the life conditions
and expresses
consciously
or unconsciously
the will to run away from the sad reality.

I

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BpO,!1e KJ1pnMCJa, OCeJIKa

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CKa30K,

ceBepO-BOCTOCJHylO
BOTHble

caMM

B

na

e}K,

C 3aINDEKS

HMl.\O,

XLII,

CKa30K

IIOJIbllJJ1,

B KOTOpOM )KI1-

nOXO}Ka

Ha

11 rpynna

BbI,!1eJIlIeTCH'

CKa30K

113 MajIOM

Aba,

nOMOpCKJoIX Yl CI1JIe3CKI1X
IIocTOHHHO

BapblIHTax

BbIcTynaIQT

npeJ1MyuIecTBeHHo

Jol OceJI. O'-JeHb '-IaCTO 3TI1 3BepM XOTIIT 6blTb

BbIcTynaeT

TO'-lKJ1 3peHI1H

MOTJ1B pa36oMHI1<lbeM

3TJ1 CKa3KJ1 CKopee

CJIa6bl;

113 MaJIoM

CTO OCJIa, BbIcTynalOT
paH.

"-lacTo

BaeTcH,

I1JII1 }Ke ,!10M jleCHI1Ka
xaTy.

xaTKv!.

C

JIl1-

,!1J1aJIor B HMX llIa6-

Pa3MbIIIlJIHH
HaweM
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aBTOp.

cKa3KI1

}KJ1BOTHbIe:

KpeCTbHHI1Ha

etnograficzna,

"-lacTo

Bcero

KOHb, BOJI 11 6a-

Ha 3a,!1HMI1 nJIaH

BapHaHToB,

yKJIOHIIIO-

OnMCaHI1M, KOTOpbIX He nocTbI-

nOna,!1alOTcH

I1HTepecHble

n0,!1p06HOCTI1

}K113HI1.

O CXO,!1CTBe C a3I1aTCKJ1MI1 3JIeMeHTaMJ1

pa3HblX

}KJ1BOTHbIX

11 6apaH

3TO 3BepJ1,

n03}Ke,

J1 paK

KOHeLl Bon.

IIo,Z!6op

CTapeMIIlJ1MJ1

(CKOpnI10H),

3aTeM

3TJ1X 3Bepei1

}Ke }KI1BOTHblMJ1 HBJIHeTCH

KOHb, a nOTOM nec

nO,!\TBep:IK,!1aeTCH

M CeJIe3eHb

a3J1aTCKJ1M

MOTI1BOM CKa3KM; OH B CI1JIbHOt'1 CBH3J1 C HallleM

cKa3Koi1

B KOTOPOM a3MaTCKMe

caMOCT05ITe.nbHbIM

"-lpe3BblCJaJitHa5I
IW

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He"'OBo.nbCTBa

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OT neCJaJIbHOM

326
XLV.

}KeJIaHYlH,

npMo6pe.nM

M3 Ma.noM

HapO,!1a

OCHOBHbTM
IIo.nblllM,
XapałCTep.

AapHe,

CKO.nbKO

CYl.l.\eCTBYlOll.(l1MI1 YC.nOBI1H:\111 )!U13HI1

C03HaTe.nbHoro

,!1eJitcTBYlTeJIbHOCTJ1.

BepoH Ha-

CKa3KJ1 HB"'IHeTCll, nOBI1",I1MO:\ly, He CTO.nb-

C0,!1ep:IKaHI111, KaK yTBep)K,!1aeT
Y1JIYI

"LUDU'"

HeC03HaTeJIbHOrO,

Afryki,

XLIV.

gadki,

XLII.

XLII.

XLII.

opisów

Kolberga,

XLII.

48

XLII.

198, 675
256-262,
250-262.

bajek,

Antropologiczne

31

XLIV.

wódka

17,

XLIV.

XLIV.

614
465, 469

z mleka,

Polski,

XLII.

XLII.

241
241
XLII.
446-453
XLIII.
245

XLIII.

XLIII.

-

Kolberga,

-

niemiecka,

-

Nowej

Gwinei,

Architektura

nad

Archiwum

XLV.

składniki,

17

XLIV.

311

XLIV.
Amurem,

XLII.

628

17
268
- wątków,
XLII.
440
Animalizm,
XLV.
113
Animizm,
XLV.
104
Ankieta,
XLII.
203, 206, 353
- folklorystyczna,
XLV. 267, 268
- w sprawie
bru, XLV. 203
Antagonizm
grupowy,
XLV.
398
- klasowy,
XLII.
65, 111
Antropologia,
XLII.
465-52I
- Attapów,
XLII.
609
ilościowa,

treści

Polski,

Wankego,

Archeologia,

264-293
-

Szwajcarii,

a historia,

ludowej,

-

zdjęcie

Aproksymacja

Archaizm

22
21

Kolberga,

17

Araka,

kultury

pracy

-

zdjęcie

XLIV.

32

84

Analiza

BMe-

MbI npI1X0,!1I1M K BbIBO,!1y, '-ITO OceJI, rycb

BBe,!1eHbI

XLV.
śląskiej,

101.

XLV.
XLIV.

C npJ1BM,!1eHMHMI1,

BblTecHHIoT

60JIbllle

TaK}Ke 06pa3HbIX

,!1epeBeHCKOI1

HTHO neTyx

z wełny,

Akulturacja,

}KJ1BOTHbIX YBeJII1'-1I1-

KOTOpOM ,!1bHBOJI, YlJIM 1136a

3TI1X CKa3Kax

MHoro

XOPOIllMM

113 nOBCe,!1HeBHoi1

B,!10XHOBeHJoIll H cPaHTa3J1J1.

'-II1CJIO cTpaHcTBylOll.(J1X

11 lliaJIaW
B

Il.\Y1XCHOT llIa6JIOHa,
,!1I1JICH 6bI

paK;

BJIa,!1eJIbLleM

pa36oMHYlCJblO

50JIbWe

CJIC,!1YIOIl.(J1e ,!10MaWHl1e

BCTpeCJaeTCH

1136a,

IIOJIbllJl1

TOMU

Antropologiczne

ludności

Amulety,

JIOHHbIM 11 o,!1Hoo6pa3HbIM.
B CKa3Kax

i XLV

397

}KI1BOTHbIe: neTy X, KOT, co6aKa
MY3bIKaHTaMJ1.

płaszcz

Adaptacja

T. e. IO:lKHaH.

TepaTYPHOM

RZECZOWY

XLIV

A

6eJIOpyccKylO

CJI1CTOnOJIbCKJoIX BepCI1M,

3ana,!1HaH

XLIII,

3 rpynnbI:

MO}KHO pa3JIYlCJl1Tb

MecTHOCTel1

T. e.

HapH,!1y
pbl6a,

Yl YlrJIbI.

rpynna

(JII1BOHCKYIO). Cpe,!1J1
rpynna,

yKa3blBalOT,

HeCKOJIbKO pa3:

aHaJIJ13Y

M3 nOrpaHI1CJHblX

nOMopCKO-CJ1JIe3CKaH

cKa3Kow

BCTpe'laeMbIe

CTpOHT 1136y;

11 6aJITJ1MCKYIO
IIoJIbWJ1,

-

fonograficzne,

Assa foetida,
Atlas

Azji

czarcie

XLIII.
łajno,

Środkowej,

XLV.

XLIV.

125
262
238-

250
Azji

Środkowej

XLIV.

169

dialektologiczny,

duński,
XLIV.
250
dynamiczny,
XLIV.
etnograficzny,

XLIV.

etno-demograficzny
cuskiej,
XLIV.
etnograficzny

25,

181, 184
153-204
Afryki

fran-

251
niemiecki

XLIV.

195
etnograficzny

polski,

XLIV.

239

OToiiTI1
• Indeks nie obejmuje suplementów XLIII i XLIV tomu, ani Bibliografii. Kursywą zaznaczono nazwy gwarowe i terminy obce. Cyfra rzymska oznacza tom, cyfra
arabska - stronę. Litera j. - język, p. - patrz.

;!

615
614
Atlas historyczno-etnograficzny
rosyjski, XLII. 894-897
_ historyczno-etnograficzny
ruski,
XLII. 640
_ historyczno-etnograficzny
Syberii, XLIV. 240
_ historyczno·-ludoznawczy
czeski,
XLIV. 250-253
_. lingwistyczny Francji, XLIV. 252
- lingwistyczno-etnograficzny
Gaskoni, XLIV. 251
- lingwistyczno-etnograficzny
Lionu, XLIV. 251
- rosyjski, XLIV. 174, 240
- statyczny, XLIV. 181
- Syberii, XLII. 607, 641
_ szwajcarski, XLII. 688, 68,9;XLIV.
183, 251
- uzbecki i kirgiski, XLIV. 245
Works, XLIV. 250
Auł turkmeński,
XLII. 148
B

Badania
Ameryki
Południowej,
XLIII. 286
- ankietowe, XLIV. 137-152
- antropologiczne,
XLIII. 436-441;
XLIV. 7
- antropologiczne
Afryki, XLV. 22
- antropologiczne w Indiach, XLV.
370
- atlasowe, XLIII. 67
- dialektologiczne,
XLV. 431
-- etnograficzne,
XLIII.
169-182;
XLIV. 158
- etnograficzne
radzieckie,
XLII.
644-666
- etnograficzne Tadżykistanu, XLII.
208
- folklorystyczne,
XLII. 664, 674677
- folklorystyczne
ZSRR, XLII. 648,
650

Badania gruzińskie, XLII. 661
--=. kraniologiczne, XLIV. 9
- kultury, XLIV. 158
- kultury
Powołża, XLIII. 202
- nad budownictwem,
XLV. 386397
- nad budownictwem wsi Wiriatyno Z.S.R.R., XLIV. 205
- nad budownictwem czeskim XLII.
687. XLIII. 231
- nad folklorem muzycznym, XLIII.
464-471
- nad genetyką grup krwi, XLV.
363
- nad klasą robotniczą, XLII. 675
- nad kształtowaniem
się narodów
socjalistycznych,
XLII. 897-899
- nad kulturą górników, XLII. 683
nad kulturą
robotników,
XLII.
644-666
nad kulturą
robotników
CSR,
XLII. 675
- nad kulturą
robotników
ZSRR.
XLII. 646-666
- nad małżeństwami,
XLIV. 137152
- nad muzyką ludową, XLIII. 122156
- nad narzędziami
uprawy, XLV.
158-202.
- nad odzieżą rosyjską, XLII. 641
- nad Podhalem,
XLIV. 500-.512
- nad rodziną, XLII. 608
- nad rodziną w kołchozie, XLIV.
211-212, 228-230
nad rolnictwem i hodowlą, XLII.
913-922
nad wierzeniami, XLIII. 238
nad współczesnością,
XLIII. 180
- na Kurpiach,
XLII. 264-293
- na Śląsku, XLII. 314
- obrzędów, XLII. 332-412

Badania
Oskara
Kolberga,
XLII.
200-215
- osadnictwa, XLV. 125
_ Polskiego
Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego, XLII. 33-48
_ prawa zwyczajo\vego, XLII. 413_

420
robotników

_
_
_
_
_

660
specyfiki narodu, XLIV. 161
społeczne, XLV. 398, 399
stacjonarne,
XLIII. 42
szwedzkie, XLII. 711, 712
środowisk
robotniczych,
XLIII.

uralskich.

XLII. 658-

Beczki, XLII. 168, 169
Bednarstwo,
XLV. 151
Ber, setaria Italica B. XLV. 203-219
Ber, berek, browe, proso, XLV. 203
Betyar,
bikar, beear. (j.) węg· XLV.
335
Bębenek, XLV, 89
Bębny murzyńskie, XLV. 82, 85
Biblicztina,
XLIV. 129
Bibliografia,
XLII. 209, 212, 519;
XLV. 156-158
_ etnograficzna
niemiecka, XLIII.
259
_ etnograficzno-muzyczna,
XLIII.

151-156
259
_ etnografii polskiej, XLIV. 541Tadeusza Henzla, XLV. 21
582
terenowe, XLII. 48, 288; XLIII,
_ etnograficzna
Polski
za okres
40; XLIV. 159, 175, 178; XLV.
1945-1954 (osobny suplement do
127, 415
t. XLIII, str. 1-355 wykonała
_ terenowe O. Kolberga, XLII. 221,
Halina Bittner-Szewczykowa)
251-255, 280, 303, 323, 346
_ do artykułu S. Bąka o K. Nitschu,
_ nad trójpolówką,
XLV. 125, 126
XLV. 456-458
- w Afryce, XLIII. 210
_ języków aymara i kicua, XLIII.
_ warunków
bytu, XLIV. 157
282, 283
- wsi czeskiej, XLII. 677
_ plastyki ludowej, XLIII. 346
_ węgierskie, XLII, 693
_ pogranicza
słowacko-polskiego,
_ współczesności, XLII. 249-263
XLIV.
297-298
Bajarz, XLII. 24
_ prac B. Stelmachowskiej,
XLIV.
Bajka, XLII. 12, 15, 17, 19, 27, 28
484-488
312
_ sztuki ludowej, XLII. 775
_ azjatycka, XLV. 264
_ wcze~nośredniowieczna,
XLIII.
- europejska, XLV. 264
313
- fińska, XLV. 263
Bicie masła, XLII. 545
_ małopolska, XLV. 273
Biografia, W. Schmidta, XLV. 358
_ podhalańska,
XLV. 275
Bliźnięta w Afryce, XLIV. 314
_ słowiańska, XLV. 263, 264
Bodnie, XLIII. 217
_ zwierzęca, XLV. 263-305
Boginka, XLII. 540
Bajek układ, XLII. 28, 29
Bojewica,
bojewisko,
XLII. 158, 185,
_ praforma, XLV. 285
191
Bałtycka ekspedycja, XLIII. 204
Braha, napój z tłukna, XLII. 615
Baran w bajce, XLV. 281
Brama kamienna, XLII. 607
Bartnictwo
afrykańskie,
XLV. 355
Bransolety murzyńskie, XLV. 87
Barwniki roślinne, XLII. 636

_
_

616
Brat męża, XLV, 341
Brąz \V Afryce, XLV, 15
Brony, XLII. 151, 152, 155
- laskowe, witkowe, XLV, 148
Bryja, sa/amat, XLII, 616
Brzuszlak,
kamizelka, XLII. 81, 103
Budownictwo,
XLII, 54, 115-142,
291, 295
- azjatyckie, XLII, 608
- czeskie, XLII, 271, 272, 683
- fergańskie, XLII. 609
- kurpiowskie,
XLII, 284, 288
- kwestionariusz,
XLIV suplement
1-56
- ludowe, XLIV. 72
- ludowe Turyngii, XLIV, 388-340
- mazowieckie, XLII, 259, 260
- meklemburskie,
XLIII. 240
- rosyjskie,
XLIII. 202, 203, 211;
XLIV. 230--234
- ryglowe, XLII. 139
- sakralne Nanajów, XLII. 629
- słowackie, XLII. 683
- statków, XLIV. 56
- stodół "na sochę", XLII. 131
- szwajcarskie,
XLII. 698, 699
- uralskie, XLII. 660
- w pow. rawskim, XLV. 384
- w "słup", XLII, 139
- wielkopolskie, XLIV. 343-348
- wielkoruskie,
XLIV. 205
- wiejskie, XLV. 386-397
- wielokątne, XLIII. 218
- wsi socjalistycznej, XLII. 689,690
- wsi spółdzielczej, XLII. 677
Budulec XLII. 139
Budynki gospodarskie, XLII. 191198
Bułgarski dom, XLV, 343
Burgul,
kasza z tłuczonej pszenicy,
XLV, 327
Buty, XLII, 80, 81, 103, 106

617
Buty węgierskie, XLII. 101
Bydło, XLV. 23
Byliny, XLIV. 260
Byt robotników, XLII, 648
C
skiby, XLV, 137
6-płosek, XLV, 137
Cechy ludowego stylu, XLIII. 346
Cel etnografii, XLII, 46
- badań etnograficznych, XLIII. 181
- popularyzacji
etnografii,
XLIII.
156, 166
Cep fiński, XLV. 383
- kapicowy, XLIV. 171
-ogniwkowy,
XLV,383
Cepów odmiany, XLIV. 172, 173
Ceramika, XLII, 666, 667
- czeska, XLII. 672, 673
- Marajo, XLIII. 287
- słowacka, XLII. 667
Chałupa, XLII. 120, 130, 175, 191
- dwuizbowa, XLV. 385
- kowalska, XLII. 176
- podcieniowa,
XLIV, 347; XLII.
120, 136
- w blochy, XLII, 179
- w pruski mur, XLII. 179, 180
- w reglówkę, XLII. 177
- w strychulec, XLII. 176, 177
Chałupnicy, XLII. 73, 154, 181, 188,
190
Chałupy wnętrze, XLII. 184, 185
- wyposażenie, XLII. 164-169
Charakterystyka
ludu, XLII, 51, 65,
71, 72
- obszaru, XLIV. 170
- pigmejów, XLV, 45
- sesji Kolbergowskiej,
XLII. 460
- Ślązaków, XLII, 330
Chart w Afryce, XLV. 23
Chata, XLII. 119, 130, 134
Caliki,

Calizna,

Chata dwuizbowa,
XLII, 116, 119,
120, 134, 138, 185, 189, 190
- diabelska,
w bajce, XLV, 272,
289, 297
- dzikich zwierząt, XLV. 296
- jasieńska, XLV. 384
- jednoizbowa, XLII. 116, 120, 134,
137, 190
- kurna, XLII. 137, 138
- pokucka, XLII. 136
- pusta w bajce, XLV, 273
- wielkopolska,
XLII. 117
- wieloizbowa, XLII. 137
- wilcza, XLV. 272
- zbójecka w bajce, XLV, 263, 290
Chatka, XLV. 71, 81
- duchów, XLV. 121
- opuszczona, XLV. 293
- pusta w lesie, XLV. 272
Chaty, podział wnętrza, XLII, 136
- typologia, XLII 121
Chleba dzieje, XLII. 691
- prądnicki,
XLII. 547
Chlew, XLII. 132, 193-195
Ch/op,
kopica, XLV, 213
- polski, XLII. 9
Chłopa umysłowe zdolności, XLII.
57, 67
Chłopi biedni, XLII. 78, 85-80, 99,
102, 116, 121, 131, 132, 231, 258
Chłopi zamożni, XLII, 76, 77, 95,
99, 101, 116, 121, 127, 130, 190, 123
313, 343
- z XIX wieku, XLII. 103
Chłopskie pisarstwo, XLIII. 325
Chronologia
badań
O. Kolberga,
XLII. 347
- w atlasie rosyjskim, XLIV, 248
- w Polskim Atlasie Etnograficznym XLIV. 181
Chustka, XLII. 290
Chusty, XLII. 83, 98. 105
Ciałopalenie, XLV. 356

,.

Ciasto obrzędowe, XLIII, 277
Cienie, wabie, XLV, 242
Cień, dusza, XLV, 362
Ciesielstwo pomorskie, XLIV. 68, 69
Cieśle, XLII. 260
Cygr, torba ze słomy, XLII. 677
Cywilizacja
Mezopotanii,
XLV. 24
Czapka, XLII. 91, 93
Czarownica, XLV, 290
Czastuszki,
XLIV. 263
Czaszka z Egozwil, XLV, 17
Czegeń, kiszone mleko, XLII, 615
Czeladż, XLII. 75
Czepki, XLII. 83, 95, 98, 105, 108
Człowiek niedrużny,
XLV. 153
- rękodajny,
XLV. 154
Czółko kurpiowskie,
XLII. 290
Czynniki geograficzne, XLII. 472
D

Dach, XLII.

140, 141
XLII, 629
walmowy,
XLII. 202, 203
Definicja etnografii, XLII. 339, 695;
XLIII. 25-30; XLIV. 155
- kręgu kulturowego, XLV. 97
- totemu, XLV, 109
Demonologia polska, XLII. 29
Deputat, XLII. 73, 75
Determinizm
geograficzny,
XLIII.
233
Diabeł w bajce, XLII. 21
Dialekty Arabów Saudyjskich, XLV.
327
- języka litewskiego, XLIV. 37
-- pigmejskie, XLV. 53-56
- Prus Zachodnich, XLV. 434
- śląskie, XLV, 435
Dobór małżeński, XLIV. 143
Dom murowany, XLII. 180
Dom okrągły z dachem stożkowym,
XLV. 365
-

slegowy,

!

618
Dom śródziemnomorski,
XLV. 325
Dzieje wsi, XLIII. 323
- dzikich zwierząt w bajce, XLV.
Dziewki, XLII. 75, 82, 95
265
Dziobnica,
XLIV. 41
- wilczy, XLV. 266
- z koziej sierści, XLV. 326
E
Domek starej baby, XLV. 287
Egzogamia, XLV. 102
Dominacja zjawisk, XLIV. 183
Ekonomowie, XLII. 77, 91
Domu rozplanowanie,
XLII. 607
Ekspansja
arabska, XLV. 15, 17
Domy męskie, XLIV. 222
chamicka,
XLV. 23
- zrębowe, XLIV. 72
- indoeuropejska,
XLIII. 303
Dorobek etnograficzny, XLIII. 19
indonezyjska,
XLV.
26
Drąg, zwój, żuraw u studni, XLII.
państwa
wielkopolskiego,
XLII.
197
518
Drewniaki, XLII. 79, 85, 87
- Słowian, XLII. 515
Drogi morskie, XLIII. 225
Ekspedycja
bałtycka,
XLIII.
302;
- rozwoju etnografii, XLV. 254
XLIV.
7,
16-21
Druki na płótnie, XLII. 795
- do Afryki centralnej, XLV. 38
Drużyna weselna, XLII. 101
- fergańska, XLIII. 207
Drzewo żywota, XLV. 121
na Archipelag
Filipiński,
XLV.
Drzwi, XLII. 184, 186, 748
356
Duchy gór, XLII. 614
- Neweiskiego, XLIII. 198
Dusza, cień, sobowtór, XLII. 623
- Viking
Foundation,
XLII. 736
- w postaci ptaków, XLV. 350
Eksploatacja
kolonii, XLV. 30
Duszki złośliwe Australii, XLV .. 353
Ekumena
afrykańska,
XLV. 13
Dwojaki,
chałupy, XLII. 180, 181,
Element
czasu
w
etnografii,
XLIV.
189
163
Dworacy, dworscy ludzie, XLII. 89,
- nordyczny,
XLIV. 15
90, 111
Elementargedanken,
idee zasadnicze,
Dworki, XLII. 120
XLII. 341
Dyfuzje, XLIV. 161
Elementy reliktowe, XLII. 277
Dykteryjki,
XLII. 29
Emigracja, XLII. 63, 64, 71
Dymar, XLIII. 214
Epika ludowa, XLV. 402-406
Dymina,
podymne, XLV. 342
Epos heroiczny. XLII 634
Dynamika rozwoju, XLIV. 178
Etapy rozwoju Polskiego TowarzyDynastia Guptów, XLV. 15
stwa Ludoznawczego
XLIII. 50
Dyskryminacja
rasowa, XLV. 320
Etniczna interpretacja
kultur archeDyskusja karpacka,
XLV. 472-484
ologicznych, XLIII. 244
- nad Polskim Atlasem EtnograEtnogeneza, XLIV. 7, 156, 158
ficznym, XLIV. 204; XLV. 494517
Etnografia, XLII. 14. 42, 47
Dziadek leśny, XLII. 544
amerykańska,
XLII. 209
Dzieci do paszonki, XLII. 71, 75, 82
Ameryki Północnej, XLII. 720Dziedziczenie ziemi, XLV. 139
729

619
Etnografia
czeska, XLII. 666-679,
688; XLIII. 226-232; XLIV. 250253, 267=-274, 281-298
- egzotyczna, XLII. 686
- Indian, XLIII. 283-285
- morganowsko-marksistowska,
XLII. 245
- morska, XLIV. 56
- muzyczna, XLIII. 144, 150
- niemiecka, XLIII. 232-241, 2,55260: XLIV. 336-338
- Podhala, XLII. 762-765
- polska, XLII. 32, 47; XLIV. 180
- prawa, XLIV. 130
- proletariatu,
XLIV. 237
- radziecka, XLII. 607-666; XLIII.
192-226; XLIV. 205-260; XLV.
315-334
- skandynawska,
XLII. 724-727
- słowiańska,
XLII. 27
- szwajcarska,
XLII.
694-701;
XLIV. 237
- Turkmenów, XLV. 332
- w filmie, XLII. 114
- w pierwszej pol. XX wieku XLIV.
488-495
- węgierska, XLII. 689-694.; XLV.
334-340
- współczesna,
XLIII. 253
- wybrzeży Bałtyku, XLIV. 56
Etnograficzna
Sesja specj. w Moskwie XLIII. 259
Etnograficzna wartość Iliady i Odyssei, XLIV. 331
Etnograficzne
Towarzystwa
Naukowe, XLV. 460-472
Etnograficzne zbiory, XLIV. 357-371
Etnograficzny
Kongres w Berlinie,
XLIII. 259
- opis, XLII. 14-16, 147
- park w Zubrzycy, XLIV. 479-480
Etnografii
definicja, XLII. 695

Etnografii
dzieje, XLII. 693
- historia, XLII. 678
- zakres, XLIV. 156
Etnografowie
ormiańscy, XLII. 663
- ukraińscy,
XLII. 664
Etnologia, XLIII. 13.; XLV. 366
- japońska, XLV. 95
- nordycka, XLII. 711
- u Homera, XLIV. 331
- współczesna, XLV. 373
Etnologiczna szkoła wiedeńska XLV.
91-124
Etnos, XLII. 47.; XLIV. 157
Ewolucja kultury, XLV. 99
- rozwoju, XLII. 284, 285
Ewolucjonizm,
XLIV. 167
- krytyczny, XLIII. 51; XLIV. 167
Eucharystia,
jako amulet, XLIV. 95
- dla zmarłych, XLIV. 76
- pod progiem, XLIV. 86
- w czarach, XLIV. 98
- w czarach miłosnych, XLIV. 105
- w lecznictwie, XLIV. 80
- w myślistwie, XLIV. 103
- w rolnictwie, XLIV. 102
- w stajni, XLIV. 86
- w wierzeniach,
XLIV. 75-118
- w wróżbiarstwie,
XLIV. 109
F

Fajka wodna, XLV. 85
Fakty indywidualne,
XLIV. 171
- jednorodne,
XLIV. 185-187
- kulturowe typowe, XLIV. 170
Farbowanie
tkanin, XLII. 636
Fartuchy, XLII. 83, 103, 105
Feudalizm w CSH. XLII. 667, 668
Film etnograficzny,
XLV. 337
Flis, XLIII. 324
Fladry,
straszydła, XLV. 258
Flurzwang,
j. niem. XLV. 145
Folklor, XLII. 10, 115.; XLIII. 292

620

621

Folklor ałtajski, XLII. 614
_ angiel!ki, XLII. 718
- chrześcijański,
XLIV. 75
- czeski, XLII. 670, 671
- doński, XLIII. 194
- litewski, XLII. 431-445
- radziecki, XLII. 647
- rosyjski, XLIV. 255
- słowacki, XLII. 684, 685
- Słowian wschodnich, XLII. 638640
- Suachili, XLII. 607
- śląski, XLII. 319, 324, 328
- węgierski, XLII. 689-694
- Z.S.R.R., XLII. 665
FoLkLore, XLII. 711
Folklorysta, XLII. 9, 13, 26
Folklorystyka,
XLII. 9, 13, 14, 16,
22, 718, 720
Folklorystyka
czeska,
XLII.
674;
XLIII. 226-232; XLIV. 267-274
- fińska, XLII. 434
- radziecka, XLII. 647-666; XLIV.
253-266
- rumuńska,
XLIV. 266
Folwark, XLII. 77, 117, 180
Fonetyka pigmejska, XLV. 67
Fonograf w etnografii
muzycznej,
XLII. 766
Forma narzędzi, XLIV. 173
- i treść kultury, XLII. 652
Fornale, XLII. 71, 75
Fryzury
afrykańskie,
XLV. 15
Funkcja paleniska, XLV. 343
G
Gadki, XLII. 21, 24, 28
Galeony, XLIV. 70
Garncarstwo,
XLII. 797
Gawęda, XLII. 12
Gazda, XLV. 341
Gąsior w bajce, XLV. 282

Geografia językowa, XLV. 445
Geneza sztuki ludowej, XLIII. 345
- ustroju gruntowego, XLV. 125
Germanizacja,
XLII. 109
Gnojenie, XLV. 147
Gorset ukraiński, XLII. 636
Gospodarka
bezmleczna
Afryki
XLIV. 300
- chłopska, XLII. 459
- kopieniaczo-hodowlana,
XLV. 24.
355
- trójpolowa, XLV. 133
- wiejska, XLII. 284
- zbieraczo-łowiecka
Afryki. XLV_
355
- zrębowo-wypaleniskowa,
XLIII ..
334
Gospodarcze urządzenia, XLII. 169,
170
Go!podarstwa
chłopskie, XLIV. 141
- wielkopolskie,
XLII. 70
Gospodarze,
XLII. 73-76,
95, 185
Grafika
Kielisińskiego,
XLIII. 331
- ludowa, XLII. 773
Gramatyka
Lirów
(Melanezja).
XLIV. 322
- j. Afryki, XLIV. 307
Grapa, żel. garnek do gotowania dla
trzody, XLII. 165, 166
Gonty, XLV. 151
Granica buku, XLV. 379
- etnograficzna,
XLIII. 247
- niemiecko-polska,
XLIII. 246, 247
- Odra - Nysa, XLIII. 252
- polsko-niemiecka,
XLIII. 246
- posko-słowacka,
XLIV. 281-296
Grodzenie poletek, XLV. 140
Groty Altamira,
XLV. 15
Grupa bantu, XLV. 51
- estońska i liwska, XLIV. 39
- gminy Trynidad,
XLV. 360
- irańska, XLIV. 220
- j. oantyjskich,
XLV. 54

Grupa j. efe, XLV. 52, 54
_ j. sudańskich,
XLV. 54
- semicka, XLIV. 220
_ tiurska,
XLIV. 220
Grupy
egzogamiczne
N. Gwinei,
XLV. 351
Gry i zabawy, XLII. 223, 224
Gumno, XLII. 133, 197
Gwara śląska, XLII. 321
·Gwary polskie, XLV. 438

Hodowla jeleni, XLV. 315
- zwierząt domowych, XLIV. 314316
Homo dHuviaHs, XLII. 706, 707
Huby, XLV. 134
Humor ludu, XLV. 407

Ikonografia, XLII. 522-553.; XLIII.
103.; XLIV. 58
Ilość nawarstwień
w Afryce, XLV.
19
H
- OplSOW obrzędów
rodzinnych,
Haczka,
kopaczka, XLII. 158
XLII. 365
Haft, XLII. 291
Ilościowe ujmowanie zj awisk kultuHamefka.
XLII. 637
rowych, XLIV. 181-183
Handel Indii, XLV. 15
Indeks, XLII. 18, 420
Hasła cyfrowe, XLII. 59;;
- LUDU, XLII. 758, 762; XLV. 613- nutowe, XLII. 593
660
Hidżry, kolonie arabskie, XLV. 322
- muzeów w Polsce, XLIV. 388Hipoteza
I. Kopernickiego,
XLII.
390
486
naZWISK etnografów,
XLIII str.
- T.
Lehr-Spławińskiego,
XLII.
326-355. suplement; XLIV. 5e2478, 493
589
- w badaniach,
XLV. 373
Indeksowanie
melodii, XLII. 554Historia etnografii, XLII. 704, 705
606
- etnografii polskiej, XLIII. 9-122
Indor w bajce, XLV. 284
- ludów nie posiadających
dokuInformatorzy
O. Kolberga,
XLII.
mentów XLIV. 176
296, 303-305, 318, 351
-- narzędzi orackich, XLV. 158, 222
Inicjacje, XLII. 702
- odzieży, XLV. 399
Instrument ·maheve, XLV. 87
- Polski, XLIII. 300-312
Interpolowanie
materiałów etnogra- Polskiego
Towarzystwa
Ludoficznych, XLIV. 159
znawczego, XLIII. 1-122
Interpretacja
rysunków
egipskich.
- prawa, XLIV. 135
XLIV. 318
- Słowian, XLV. 377
Instytucja
świątynna, XLV. 119
Histor:,czna metoda szkoły wiedeńIslam, XLV. 25
skiej, XLV. 92-123
Izba, XLII. 164, 137
Historyzm konsekwentny, XLIV. 168
istopka
(j. ros.), X!..II. 211
- w etnografii, XLIV. 1.54, 167, 171
Jabłczanka, chamu[c, polewka, XLII.
Hodowcy wielbłądów, XLV. 322
298
Hodowla, XLII. 285.; XLV. 148, 14.9 .Jagidniki,
młynki, XLV. 215
Jagod~' leśne, XLII. 617
- bydła, XLV. 114-116, 336

623

622
Jajko

w bajce, XLV. 276, 285, 367
kaftany, XLII. 79-81, 91
Jakośt faktów kulturowych,
XLIV.
185
Janicek, XLIV. 128
Jarzma Marknadook,
XLII. 720
- szwedzkie, XLII. 720
Jata, budka ptasznicza, XLV. 239
Jeż w bajce, XLV. 284, 288
Język Ata, XLV. 54
- Balese - Efe, XLV. 46
'- Bambutów, XLV. 52
- Bantu, XLV. 20
- Basków, XLV. 16
- Basua, XLV. 54
- Bira - Sua, XLV. 65
- Ki-Bira, XLV. 54, -65
- Ki - Kumu, XLV. 65
Ki-ngwana.
XLV. 54
- Ki-Sua, XLV. 60
- Ki-Suaheli, XLV. 33, 35
- kultowy Negritosów, XLV. 50
- murzyńskie,
XLV. 56
- ngo-nke, XLV. 21
- Nkundo i Mongo, XLV. 51
- pi~mejskie, XLII. 703, 738-748.;
XLV. 35-69
- Ruanda, XLV. 51
- sudańskie, XLV. 20
- Wa-Rundi, XLV. 51
Językoznawstwo,
XLII. 703, 704
Jurta chazarska, XLII. 618
Jaki,

__

o

K

95, 97, 105
XLII. 187, 190
Kaczka w bajce, XLV. 283
Kadzioło, XLV. 25
Kafle, malowane, XLIII 355
Kalen ~arz uprawy, XLV. 146
Kalendarze gwiezdne Arabii, XLIV.
309
Kabotek,
Kachle,

XLII.

kafle,

krusznia,
XLV. 139
Kamizele, XLII. 81
Kapa, część cepu, XLIV. 190
Kapeczka,
kopeczka, czepiec, XLII.
102, 105, 107
Kapelusz, XLII. 81, 91, 101, 104
Kapitalizm, XLII. 69, 117
Karbowy, XLII. 77, 84, 91
Karby, barby, deseczki do oznaczania dni pailszczyżnianych,
XLII.
522
Karczma, XLII. 191, 794
Karczowanie puszczy, XLII. 261
Karły Azji, XLV. 35, 40
Karple, XLII. 610
Kartografia
etnograficzna,
XLIV ..
153-204
- słownikowa, XLIV. 198-200
- Z.S.R.R., XLII. 640-642
Kartografowanie
O. Kolberga, XLII.
227, 228
Kartogramy
dynamiczne,
XLIV ..
175-177
-etnograficzne,
XLIV. 154-204
- Pesslera, XLIV. 194
- synchronistyczne,
XLIV. 176
Kasty, XLIII. 298-300
- indyjskie, XLV. 368
Kasza brzana, z bru, XLV. 208
Katalog incipiów, XLII. 577
Kazymu,
domy męskie, XLIV. 222
Kątnicy,
biedacy, XLII. 71
Kibalka,
XLII. 637
Kiecka,
~trój parobków,
XLII. 79,
85, 93, 97
Kierpce, opi71cu, j. rum. XLV. 347,
348
Kierunek
historyczno-kulturowy,
XLIV. 16.5; XLV. 91-125
-- geograficzny, XLIV. 165
Kierznia, XLII. 163
Kij, XLII. 103
istyk, XLIII. 282
Kamienica,

Kije pasterskie, XLII. 692
Kiszłak,
XLIII. 208
Klasyfikacja
literatury
ludowej,
XLIV. 266-267
Klatka kuropatwicza,
XLII. 528
Klechdy, XLII. 12, 309, 312
Kleć, XLIII. 212
Klumie,
postoły, XLV. 151
Kłódki wargowe, XLV. 71
Kłusownicy, XLV. 225
Kmiecie, XLiI. 62, 71-73, 151-154,
157, 168, 173, 193, 231
Kobiety szamanki, XLIV. 227
- u pasterzy nomadów, XLV. 356
- w rodzinie patriarchalnej,
XLV.
340-342
Kobza, XLII. 683
Koczownicy, XLV. 46
- Arabii, XLII. 607
Kogi,
łodzie fryzyjskie,
XLIV. 61
Kogut w bajce, XLV. 278
- w wierzeniach,
XLII. 631
Kolberga
badania
etnograficzne,
XLII. 200-204, 208, 294-306, 323
- dzieło etnograficzne, XLII. 36, 40,
340
- komentarze,
XLII. 30, 209, 225,
353
- metoda, XLII. 20, 23, 39, 48, 115,
116, 144-145, 148, 200, 202, 205206, 210, 220, 223, 275, 278, 279,
326, 338, 349, 354, 421
- korespondencja, XLII, 24, 39, 4148,205,217, 219, 270, 280, 296-297,
310, 314, 319, 322, 329, 336, 342,
356, 363, 372, 418, 422
- poglądy polityczne, XLII. 65-66,
229-230, 345.
- przypisy naukowe, XLII. 29, 201,
279.
- zainteresowania,
XLII. 325, 329,
429, 431--445, 449.

Kolberga zapis, XLII. 21, 42, 426, 440
Kolędy, XLII. 305.
Kolonizacja wołoska, XLIV. 119
Kolor niebieski
w stroju
młodej,
XLII. 99.
Koła bose, XLII. 171.
Kołchozy, XLIII. 207; XLIV. 211,
228-230.
- Tadżyków, XLV. 328.
Koło garncarskie, XLII. 667.
Kołowroty, XLII. 124.
Kołowrót,
brama do wsi, XLV. 137,
141.
- na kunach i stępkach, XLV. 140.
Komasacja, XLV. 126, 155.
Kominy, XLII. 137, 138, 183-185.
Komora, XLII. 119, 120, 128, 135, 136,
184, 185.
Komornicy,
XLII. 62, 63, 71-75,
88-89, 92, 185.
Koncepcja
motywów
wędrownych,
XLIV. 254.
Konewki, XLII. 167, 168.
Konferencja
atlasowa,
Polskiego
Atlasu
Etnograficznego,
XLII.
908-909; XLIII. 36; XLIV. 153.
-- Centralnego
Instytutu
Kultury,
XLII. 86.
- dla badań nad narzędziami ornymi, XLIII. 442-447.
- etnografów w Krakowie, XLIII.
25. XLIV. 153, 155.
- nad indeksowaniem,
XLIII. 45.
- paremiologiczna,
XLIII. 447.
- pokojowa w Paryżu, XLIII. 247;
XLIV. 47.
- skandynawska,
XLIII. 267.
Kongres etnografii morskiej, XLIV.
56.

-

etnograficzny
N. R. D. XLIII.
236.
Nauk antropologicznych
i etno-

625

624
graficznych
w Filadelfii,
XLV.
485-494.
Kongres nauki polskiej, XLIII. 25
- slawistów w Moskwie, XLIV. 168;
XLV
- w Greiswaldzie,
XLIV. 12
Konik,
deska, XLIII. 215
- w bajce, XLV. 281
Konserwacja
mięsa, XLII. 61')
Konstrukcja
na słupy, XLIII. 219.
Korabie, XLIV. 62.
Korabnictwo,
XLIV. 58.
Korespondenci
Kolberga, Xl II. 20!',
220, 227, 228, 35~-357
Kosa, XLII. 155-159.
Kosz, XLV. 238.
Koszula męska, XLII. 85.
poncho, XLII. 636.
- przyramkowa,
XLII. 290.
- na wierzch, XLV. 326.
Kot w bajce, XLV. 278.
Kotły Jukagirów, XLV. 318.
Kowal, XLV. 325.
Koza, XLIV. 12I.
- pies i kura w Afryce, XLV. 22.
Koziol
lubuski, XLIII. 332.
Kozy brat y, zabawa, XLII. 543.
Kożuch, XLII. 79, 80, 86, 93, 97, 98.
- ukraiński, XLII. 637.
Koźliny, XLII. 131
Kraj, XLII. 280.
Krąg austro-azjatycki,
XLIII. 297.
Kremer,
drapacz, XLII. 151, 152
Kręgi kulturowe,
LXII. 706; XLV.
110.
Kronika Kaspra Weinreicha, XLIV.
68.
Krusznia,
kamienie, XLV. 139.
Kn'teria
etnograficzne, XLII. 273.
- geograficzne, XLII. 273.
Kr~·terium ciągłości, XLV. 100.
- form~', XLV. 97.
- ilości, XLV. 97, 98

Kryterium
jakości, XLV. 97, 98
- odnośni czyli kontaktów,
XLV.
97.
- reliktowości,
XLII. 268, 292.
- rozbieżności, XLIV. 32.
- stopnia
pokrewieństwa,
XLV.
100.
Krytyka dzieła "Ludy Afryki", XLV.
329-332.
- metody Kolberga, XLII. 275-293,
458.
- metody Kosinny, XLIII. 42.
- monografii Tadżyków, XLV. 328329.
- osiągnięć Polskiego Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego, XLIII. 46, 57, 66.
- postanowień konferencji
wersalskiej, XLIII. 247, 248.
- zbiorku Kolberga, XLII. 311.
Krzywda społeczna, XLV. 275.
Księga przysłów, XLIII. 449.
Kultura afrykańska,
XLV. 14, 20
- andyjska, XLII. 731
- archeologiczna,
XLIII. 244.
- ceramiki grzebykowej, XLV. 380.
- chłopska, XLIV. 195
- duchowa, XLII. 238; XLIV. 179.
- duchowa
Słowian
wschodnich,
XLII. 632.
- ludowa, XLII. 675.
- ludowa Słowian, XLIV. 166.
- ludów egzotycznych, XLII. 729.
- materialna,
XLII. 43-199, 232237, 272; XLIV. 179.
- materialna Szwajcarii, XLII. 698,
699, 700, 716-717.
- materialna,
XLV. 101, 102.
- narodowa, XLII. 292.
- niższych rolników, XLV. 104.
- nomadów, XLV. 115.
- pigmejów, XLV. 19.
- półwyspu
Czukotskiego,
XLIV.
209-211

Kultura pasterska,
XLV. 104
- patriarchalna,
XLV. 102.
- proletariatu,
XLII. 654.
- robotnicza, XLII. 652.
- ~ocjalistyczna, XLII. 654.
- społeczna, XLII. 240; XLIII. 6370; XLIV. 179. XLV. 340-342.
- społeczna i duchowa Szwajcarii,
XLII, 700
- społeczna
Słowian
wschodnich,
XLII. 634.
- staroruska, XLII. 632.
- Sudanu, XLIV. 316.
- tadżycka, XLV. 328.
- totemiczna, XLV. 21, 365.
- tracka, XLV. 345.
- Drug, XLV. 12I.
- wsi, XLII. 49.
- zbieraczy, XLV. 103
Kulturowe
zróżnicowanie, XLII. 45,
46.
Kultury definicja, XLII. 713.
- wtórne, XLV. 103.
- wysokie, XLV. 117-123.
- zasadnicze, XLV. 103, 104.
Kult bóstwa niebios, XLV. 104.
- księżyca, XLV. 104.
- przodKów, XLV. 104.
- zmarłych, XLV. 359.
Kulty, XLII. 70I.
- murzyńskie, XLIV. 298.
Kułak, XLII. 95, 154; XLV. 154.
Kuna żelazna, XLII. 195.
Kunup, XLII. 613, 614.
Kurut,
ser, XLII. 615.
Kutry o czerwonych żaglach, XLIV. 57
Kwestionariusz,
B. Grabowskiego,
XLIV. 134.
- do budownictwa,
XLIV. suplement.
- rolnictwa i hodowli, XLV. 203.
- Polskiego Atlasu Etnograficznego,
XLII. 922-925.
40

.• LUd"

t. XLV

L
La:la. XLII. 169.
Lasa, ogrodzenie, XLII. 129.
Laska, lola, XLII. 103, 104.
laszczenie
siedlisk, XLV. 14I.
Lebioda,
łoboda,
szabaga,
Henopodium album, XLII. 297.
Lecznictwo N. Gwinei, XLIV. 310;
XLV. 352
Legenda fenicka, XLIV. 330.
Lepianka, XLII. 175, 176; XLV. 325.
Leśne bóstwa, XLV. 47.
Leziwo, łazuki, XLV. 150.
Liczebniki w j. afryk. XLV. 23.
Liga j. nigryckich, XLV. 20.
Literatura
etnograficzna, XLIV. 178.
- ludowa, XLII. 9-34, 42; XLIII.
325.
- ludowa węgierska, XLV. 335.
- rolnicza, XLV. 158, 202.
- sowizdrzalska,
XLII. 29.
Lokalizacja
badał} Kolberga, XLII.
348.
- paleniska, XLV. 342.
Losowanie pola, XLV. 139.
Ludność kultury
łużyckiej,
XLII.
476-480.
- pasterska, XLV. 23.
- polinezyjska,
XLV. 370.
- pragermańska,
XLIV. II.
- puszczańska, XLII. 276
Ludowa twórczość rosyjska, XLIV.
256.
Ludoznawstwo,
XLIII. 13.
- Łużyc, XLII.
787-794;
XLIV.
348.
- polskie, XLII. 10; XLIII. 9-169.
- Skandynawii,
Danii i Finlandii,
XLII. 260-272.
Ludu twórczość, XLII. 30, 3I.
Ludy Afryki, XLV. 329.
- ginące, XLV. 369.

I,

627

626
Ludy karłowate, XLV. 35-69
_ Sachalinu, XLIII. 199.
_ sumeryjskie,
XLV. 22.
Ł

Leziwo, XLV. 150.
XLII. 722
Łaźnik, wspólny grunt, XLV. 136
Łączność Afryki z Azją, XLV. 20.
_ Afryki z Indiami
i Indonezją,
XLV. 18.
_ kultury
afrykańskiej
i melanezyjskiej, XLV. 2I.
_ paleolitu, XLV. 16.
Łodzie dłubanki, XLIV. 60.
_ klepkowe, XLII, 782-785.
- niewodowe, XLIV. 7I.
_ słowiańskie, XLIV. 66.
Łowiectwo, XLV. 223-262.
- z sieciami, XLII. 542
- wyższe, XLV. 110.
Łóżko, XLII. 165-166.
Łuki afrykańskie,
XLV. 97-98.
- Batwa, XLV. 15.
_ jako instrument,
XLV. 349.
- Jukagirów,
XLV. 318.
_ polinezyjskie,
XLII. 726.
Łyko brzozowe, XLV. 151.
Łazuki,

Łaźnia,

bastu,

M

Macierzyństwo u ChiI'lczyków, XLV.
352, 353.
Madarski jeździec, XLII. 685.
Madżak, Modżak, XLII. 505.
Magia, XLIII. 71-92, 314. XLV. 47,
103.
_ czynna sympatyczna,
XLV. 104.
Magiczne statuetki, XLV. 361.
Malowidła Buszmenów, XLV. 15.
Małżeństwo chłopskie, XLIV. 137152.
- grupowe, XLIV. 226.

Małżeństwo parzyste, XLIV. 225.
_ stryjecznych braci i sióstr, XLV.
324.

Mamuny, XLV. 313.
Mana,
melanezyjska
dusza, XLV.
359.
Manna, XLII. 530.
Maniaki,
cienie, XLV. 239-242.
Mapa badal'! Kolberga, XLII. 248,
300, 302, 363.
_ Jakubowskiego,
XLV. 130.
_ Kwatermistrzostwa,
XLV. 131.
_ rozmieszczenia
zbiorów etnograficznych, XLIV. 448, 449.
_ zasięgu nazw części pługa, XLV.
191.
Mapy katastralne,
XLV. 125.
_ Polskiego Atlasu Etnograficznego, XLV. 494-516.
Maribo, XLV. 26.
Maski murzyńskie,
XLV. 71-73.
Materializm historyczny, XLIV. 191.
Matriarchat,
XLV. 116
Materiały archeologiczne, XLIII. 188.
_ etnograficzne,
XLIV. 202.
_ Kolberga, XLII. 352, 359, 362, 367.
- muzealne, XLIV. 185.
Mazurki, XLII. 12.
Medycyna Australczyków, XLII. 703.
Melodii indeks, XLII. 554-606.
- transDonowanie,
XLII. 579.
Mercha., ·opłatCJ.za kobietę, XLV. 324.
Metanastazje,
XLIV. 161.
Metoda
analityczno-porównawcza,
XLIV. 167.
- analizy kultury, XLIV. 163.
- badań
etnograficznych,
XLIII.
5I.
_ ekspozycji etnograficznej,
XLIV.
391-451.
_ historyczno-kulturowa,
XLV. 97109.
- St. Huts'ledta, XLII. 572.

Metoda indeksowania
melodii, XLII.
554-606
- jakościowa, XLV. 380.
- kartograficzna
w
etnografii,
XLIV. 153-204.
- G. Kossinny, XLIII. 242.
- kręgów kulturowych,
XLV. 93.
- marksistowska,
XLIII. 48; XLIV.
251, 279.
- Mersmanna, XLII. 567
- osadniczo :ucheologiczna,
XLIII.
242.
- porównawcza, XLII. 48.
- punktowa, XLIV. 201
- punktów reprezentacyjnych,
XLIV. 203.
retrogresywna,
XLIII. 174; XLIV.
159.
- statystyczna,
XLIV. 144.
- typologiczna,
XLIV. 167.
- T. Wojciechowskiego, XLIII. 174.
Metodołogia, XLII. H, 34, 40, 48,
689, 697.
- marksistowska,
XLII. 34.
- kierunku
Graebnera-Schmidta,
XLV. 93.
Metodyka badań społecznych, XLV.
371.
Miary

pola, XLV. 137, 138.
kożuch, XLII. 98.
Miejscowości badane przez Kolberga, XLII. 211, 333.
- uprawy bru, XLV. 219-222.
Mieszkanie, XLII. 234.
- Lapończyków, XLII. 687
Migracje, XLIV. 161.
- kulturowe, XLV. 117.
- ludności murzyńskiej, XLV. 18,20.
- między
Australią
i Ameryką,
XLV. 354.
- Słowian, XLII. 465, 497.
Miotacze, XLII. 619, 620.
Miśnik:, XLII. 165, 166.
Miderak,

40·

Mitologia słoneczna, solarna, XLV.
104, 110.
Młócenie, XLV. 382.
Młyn, XLII. 159.
- kieratowy, XLV. 336.
- w Polsce, XLII. 754.
Monisto,
nami sto, paciorki,
XLII.
637.
Monografi~ etnograficzna,
XLII. 15,
16, 18.
- górników, XLIII. 259.
-- Kurpiów, XLII. 274, 275.
- regionalna,
XLIV. 154.
słowacka, XLIV. 274-281.
- śląska, XLII. 315, 326.
- tematyczna, XLIII. 41
- Turkmenów,
XLII. 608, 609.
Monogamia, XLV. 103.
Mpolo, schowki murzyńskie, XLV.71.
Murzyński
wkład
do cywilizacji,
XLV. 15.
Motyki, XLII. 157; XLV. 321.
Motywy, XLII. 341.
Muzea, XLII. 801-878.
- etnograficzne,
XLIV. 351-480.;
XLV. 658-659
Muzeum Etnograficzne w Krakowie,
XLIV. 391-480.
- kaszubskie,
XLV. 453-477.
- plockie, XLIV. 477-479.
- skandynawskie,
XLIII. 267.
Muzeologia węgierska, XLII. 693.
Muzyka ludowa, XLII. 11, 676
- węgierska, XLII. 694.
- wielkopolska, XLII. 212.
Muzykanci, XLII. 107.
Myszonki,
ślemiona, XLII, 131, 192.
Myśliwce i zbieracze Afryki, XLV.
19.
N

Naczynie ar~ukańskie,
XLII.
- drewniane, XLII. 167.
- na wodę, XLV. 87.

619.

629

628
Naczynia z kory, XLII. 615, 616
_ z wymienia krowy, XLII. 619.
dodatki, XLV. 136.
Najazdy Wikingów, XLV. 26.
Najstarsza rasa, XLV. 39.
Namioty koczowników, XLV. 326.
Namitka,
XLII. 637.
Narada
etnografów
radzieckich,
XLII. 640, 642.
Narodziny, XLII. 377, 378
Narody
wschodnio-słowiańskie,
XLIII. 632
Narty, XLII. 610-613
Narzecze sandomierskie,
XLII. 495.
Narzędzia,
ciesielskie,
XLII.
160,
161.
Naddawki,

-

kowalskie, XLII. 159-160.
produkcji, XLII. 149-164.
rolnicze, XLII. 150-159;
XLV.
158-202.
- rolnicze rosyjskie, XLII. 641
- rybackie, XLII. 161; XLIII. 240
Nauki pomocnicze historii,
XLIV.
488-495.
- tajemne, XLIV. 117.
Nawożenie, XLV. 143.
Nawóz jako opał, XLV. 344.
Nawsie, XLII. 124; XLIII. 324
Nazwy bru, XLV. 204.
- buszki, XLV. 198.
- głosów zwierzęcych, XLV. 223.
- patronimiczne,
XLV. 138.
- pługa, XLV. 196-197.
- pól, XLV. 138.
- radła, XLV. 200.
- topograficzne Podlasia, XLV. 131.
Narzecza murzyńskie,
XLV. 33, 65,
66.
- romańskie w Afryce, XLV. 25
Negrilles, negritos XLV. 36.
Nereidy,
nimfy, XLV. 307.

Nicielnice, XLII. 717.
Niewolnictwo, XLII. 607.
Nimfy, XLV. 307.
Niwa, niwki, XLV. 134, 138
Nomadyzm pasterski, XLV. 115.
O
Obertasy, XLII. 12.
Obora, XLII. 130, 193-195.
Obrażnik, XLII. 110.
Obróbka kości, XLII. 625.
- lnu, XLII. 158, 159, 721.
- pokrzywy, XLII. 627.
- skóry, XLII. 626.
Obrzezanie, XLV. 325.
Obrzędy, XLII. 262.
- as-saleh,
zdzieranie skóry, XLV.
325.
- Czukczów, XLV. 318.
- jesienne, XLII. 389-390.
- letnie, XLII. 386.
- oczyszczania, XLV. 350.
- rodzinne, XLII. 363-382.
- solarno-agrarne,
XLII. 634.
- weselne, XLII. 366.
- wiosenne, XLII. 384--386.
- wioślarzy, XLV. 319.
- zimowe, XLII. 391-394.
-związane
z polowaniem, XLV. 319
- żniwne, XLII. 394-397.
Ob~erwacja społeczna, XLV. 372.
Obszary historycznych kultur, XLIII.
245; XLII. 713.
Obszar uprawy bru, XLV. 210.
Obyczaj infibulacji, XLV. 325.
Ocena Atlasu Polskich Strojów Ludowych, XLIII. 67.
- materiałów Kolberga, XLII. 264-293, 335.
- procesów współczesnych,
XLIV.
159.

Ocena tez l\Tiestopisu, XLIV.
286-287.
Ochrona zabytków kultury ludowej,
XLIV. 351-357.
Odpływ ludności niemieckiej, XLIII.
251.
Odrębność etniczna, XLII. 341
Odryna,
szopa, XLV. 153.
Odzież, XLII. 69-n~.
- Chantów, XLII. 625-628.
- Słowian wschodnich, XLII." 635.
- ukraińska, XLII. 636.
Ofiara z koguta, XLV. 354.
- z ludzi, XLIII.-297; XLV. 354.
- z niedźwiedzi, XLV. 104.
Ogrody, XLII, 128, 198.
Ogrodzenie patrz płot.
Okna, XLII. 128, 184, 186-188.
Okół, XLII. 129.
Okres
folwarczno-pańszczyźniany,
XLII. 127.
- kapitalizmu,
XLII, 285, 287.
- prac monograficznych,
XLIII. 75
- prac syntetycznych, XLII. 81
- zbieractwa, XLIII. 72
Okręty Wikingów, XLIV. 63
Okreslniki
czasu i jakości, XLIV.
177
Okrycia głowy, XLII. 609
Opis brony, XLV. 167, 168, 175
- budownictwa
lubelskiego,
XLII.
234
- Kolberga, XLII. 262
- kultury ludowej, XLII. 216, 241
- obrzędów, XLII. 210, 240
- odzieży ludowej, XLII. 224
- pługa, XLV. 160, 174
- radła, XLV. 161, 174, 175
- sochy, XLV. 174
- ~trojów, XLII. 207, 210, 313
- wesela, XLII. 204. 212, 222, 224
Opisanie świata, XLII, 785-787

Oracje weselne, XLII. 16
Organizacja
bartnicza,
XLII. 267,
282
- polityczna murzynów, XLIV. 303
- rodowa, XLII. 607; XLV. 317
- wypasu, XLV. 149
Orka, XLII. 151, 152
- sochą, XLV. 138
Ornament, XLII. 607, 628; XLIV. 240
Oryl, XLII. 538
Osadnictwo
Beskidu
śląskiego,
XLIV, 292
- Karpat, XLIII. 336
- kmiece, XLII, 123
- kultury trypolskiej, XLIV. 301
- kurpiowskie,
XLII, 267, 276, 277
- Orawy, XLIV. 281-296
- słowiańskie, XLIV. 65
Osady na prawie niemieckim, XLIV.
118
Oset, XLII. 546
Oskoła, XLII. 617
Osobowość Kolberga, XLII. 461
Oświetlenie, XLII. 54
Owca tłu~toogonowa, XLV. 23
Owczarnia, XLII. 196
Ozdoby z piór, XLII. 637
P

Palenie fajki, XLV. 86
Palenisko otwarte, XLV. 342-347
Pamiętniki
chłopskie, XLV. 406
Państwo afro Shungway'a, XLV. 352
- sumerycko-akkadyjskie,
XLV.
119
- wielkopolskie,
XLII.
465, 486,
494-497
Państwowość czeska, XLII. 465-480
Paralele
etnograficzne
i archeologiczne, XLV. 353
- plesm
polskich
litewskich,
XLII. 444

631

630
Parobcy, XLII, 71, 73, 75, 91-94
Pas weryp, XLII. 626, 628
Patronimia, XLV. 323
Patrylokalność, XLV. 341
Pasterstwo, XLII. 262, 723
Pastuch, XLII, 87, 88; XLV. 149
Peca, glina, XLII. 139
Peczka, j. buł. piec, XLV. 346
Periodyzacj a, XLIII. 158, 1.59, 164
- atlasu czeskiego, XLIV. 252
- zjawisk etnograficznych,
XLIV.
180
Pianie koguta, XLV. 273
Piastun, roczny wilk, XLV. 224
Piec, XLII. 137, 138, 185; XLIII. 213
- piekarski, XLV. 344
- ruski, XLIV. 233
- stożkowaty, XLII. 691, 692
Pieczenie chleba, XLII. 164
Pieczywka, XLIII. 280
Piekarnie, domy bez kominów, XLII.
138
Pies w bajce, XLV. 279
Pieśni, XLII. 308, 317, 322, 324, 328,
341, 426; XLV. 217
- Białochrobatów, XLII. 336
- beduińskie, XLV. 328
- buntownicze, XLII. 297
- dworskie, XLII. 25
- fińskie, XLII. 720
- górnośląskie, XLII. 315
- kościelne, XLII. 353
- kurpiowskie, XLIII. 139
- litewskie, XLII. 431-445
- ludu polsk:ie~o, XLII. 10-26, 42,
45, 47, 200, 212, 251; XLIII. 142
- łużyckie, XLII. 422
- mieszczańskie, XLII. 25
- o szewczyku, XLIII. 357
- popularne, XLII. 25, 26
- rewolucyjne, XLII. 638
- szlacheckie, XLII. 25
- weselne, XLII. 201

Pieśni wielkopolskie, XLII. 201
- żałobna o Kmicie, XLII, 25
- żołnierska, XLII. 676
Pieśniczki, XLII. 24
Pijaństwo, XLII. 52-53, 59
Pikulka,
wabik na sarny, XLV. 252
Pigmeje, XLIII. 427; XLV. 15,3569
Pióra pawie, XLII. 91, 103
Piwnice, XLII, 133, 195
Piwo ałtajskie, XLII. 617
Plan domu, stodoły, XLII. 235
Platformy palowe N. Gwinei, XLV.
351
Plebiscyt, XLIII. 250; XLIV. 47
Plemiona Indii, XLV. 370
Plonowanie,
dożynki, XLV. 153
Płachta poniowa, j. ros., XLII. 636
Plosa pole, XLV. 134
Płot, XLII. 123, 129, 133, 194, 198;
XLV. 140
- laskowy, XLV. 141
- wygradzany, XLV. 141
- z łupanego drzewa, XLV. 141
Płótno drukowane, XLII. 636
Pług, XLII. 150-154; XLV. 158-203
- arabski, XLV. 321
- bezkoleśny. XLII. 151, 155
- kowalski, XLV. 147
- koleśny, XLII. 151, 155
- praski, XLV. 182, 185
- Sincerusa, XLV. 161
- Sucheniego, XLV. 147
- w Egipcie, XLV. 24
- Zawadzkie~o, XLV. 147
Pochodzenie narodu, XLIV. 161
- Indoeuropejczyków,
XLIII. 51
- narodu kirgiskiego, XLIV. 212219
Pochówki chińskie, XLV. 348, 34~
- japońskie, XLV. 359
- popielnicowe Azj!, XLV. 361
- wtórne, XLV. 356

Podania, XLIV. 120-129
- historyczne, XLII. 17-20
- spiskie, XLIV. 118-129
- wsi Hruskie, XLV. 131
Podcienie, XLII. 137
Podłoga, XLII. 185, 186
Podział ludów Ameryki Północnej,
XLII. 734
- na regiony, XLII. 333
- ojcowizny, XLIV. 138
- Pigmejów, XLV. 38, 44
- Rusinó",-, XLII. 633
Podyma, klatka na puchacza, XLV.
236
Poezja chłopów, XLIII. 327
Pogranicze słowacko-niemieckie,
XLIV. 249
Pogrzeb, XLII. 378-382. p. pochówki
Pojedynek
na skórze mona, XLV.
317
Pojęcie "archetypów",
XLV. 366
Pokut,
święty kąt, XLIII. 214-215
Polemika Gansiniec-Karwot,
XLIII.
472,487
- Bartyś-Kaznowska-Jarecka
XLV. 517
Polski Atlas Etnograficzny,
XLIII.
34.-69; XLV. 203, 494-516
Polowanie z ptakiem, XLV. 235-237
- na zwierzynę morską, XLV. 315
Pol, XLIII. 216
Pomieszczenia
gospodarskie,
XLII
195-198
Poncho, XLII. 627
Poniewa,
~oniowa,
j. ros. płachta,
XLII. 636; XLIII. 192
Popularyzacja
etnografii,
XLIII,
157-168
Posag, XLII. 87
Posoua, pułap, XLII. 185, 186
Postaci demoniczne, XLV. 307, 308
Postęp cywilizacji, XLII. 345

Postęp
w rolnictwie,
XLII.
155;
XLV. 158-202
Poświęcanie nowych' sań, XLV. 319
Potrawy z bru, XLV. 215
Potrzeby muzealnictwa etnograficznego, XLIV. 371, 378
Poweti, szopy, XLIII. 219
Powieści, XLII. 15, 24, 28; XLV. 309
Powinowactwo, XLII. 328
Pożywienie, XLII. 53, 54, 258; XLV.
144
- Ałtajczyków, XLII. 613
- głodowe, XLV. 211
Pół kmieć, XLII. 154
Półrolnik, XLII. 152, 154, 156, 181,
192
Półślednik, XLII. 153, 156, 169, 173,
192
Prace orientalistyczne,
XLIII. 432
Prakultura,
XLV. 103
- pigmejska, XLV. 40
Praojczyzna Słowian, XLV. 377
Prawo lenne w Czechach, XLII. 668
- ludowe, XLIV. 132
- ludu Garo, XLIV. 321
- niemieckie, XLII. 414
- polskie, XLII. 413; XLIV. 133
- rozwoju kultury, XLIV. 155, 167
- wskaźnika
średniej arytmetycznej głowy, XLIV. 31
- wołoskie, XLIV. 287
- zwyczajowe,
XLII. 413; XLIV.
133
Prażaki, kasza z bru, XLIV. 214
Prądy metodologiczne w etnografii,
XLIII. 49-62
Problem czasu w etnografii, XLIV.
174-181
- etnogenezy, XLIV. 190
- klasowo-społeczny, XLII. 231, 343,
352
- Lapończyków, XLV. 380
Procesje, XLIV. 92

633

632
Procesy ciągłych przemian,
XLIV.
157
- historyczne a środowisko geograficzne, XLIV. 193-198
- etnogenetyczne,
XLII. 18
- mieszania się kultur. XLIV. 161
Program badań społecznych, XLIII.
69
- Polskiego Atlasu Etnograficznego,
XLIII. 36
Proletariat
wiejski, XLII. 61, 65, 85,
87
Proso, XLV. 206
- pałkowe, XLV. 203
-- włoskie, XLV 204
Protochamici, XLV. 21
Prowincja kulturowa,
XLII. 244
Proza ludowa, XLII. 16
Przebudowa etnografii, XLIII. 31
- socjalistyczna,
XLII. 608
Przebieranie
się za lamparta, XLV.
84
Przechowywanie
odzieży. XLII. 627
- produktów, XLII. 619
Przedmiot
badań
etnograficznych,
XLII. 17
- i cel etnografii, XLII. 456, 646,
647,695-697, 909-912; XLIII. 221,
254; XLIV. 325
Przednówek, XLII. 298
Przekleństwa,
XLIII. 436
Przełazy p. płoty
Przejście do wieku męskiego p. inicjacje.
Przełom, metodologiczny, XLIV. 154
- w etnografii niemieckiej,
XLIII.
241
- w kulturze, XLIV. 181
Przemiany
wsi, XLII. 49, 57-59,
61--65, 70, 117, 124, 127
Przemysł lubelski, XLII, 236
- ludowy ruski, XLII. 639

Przeobrażenia antropologiczne, XLII.
465, 473
- wsi Z.S.R.R., XLII. 649
Przeploty, XLII. 721
Przesądy ludu litewskiego, XLII. 442
Przeszłość murzyńska,
XLV. 17, 18
Przeżytki, XLIII. 18
Przodkowie Egipcjan, XLV. 23
Przyczyny chorób, XLV. 362
Przydomki
murzynów,
XLIV. 302
Przydziały ziemi, XLIV. 139-141
Przysłowia, XLII. 12, 15, 18-20, 324
Przywolywek,
XLIV. 135
Pstruchy,
wełniane
płachty, XLII.
98
Psychologia ludów, XLV. 106.
- postaci, XLV. 357
Pszenica, czerwonka, wąsatka, XLV.
144
Pueblo, XLIII. 284-287
Purgatio
canonica, XLIV. 89
Pustka rubieżna, XLII. 499
R
instrument
smyczkowy,
XLV. 328
Rada starszych, XLV. 154
Radlica, XLII. 151-153
Radła, XLII. 151-153; XLV. 169, 188
Rak w bajce, XLV. 281, 282
Rasa, Bałtów, XLIV. 13
- pigmoidalna
w Australii,
XLV.
354
- falijska, XLIV. 14
Rataj, XLII. 71, 73, 152-154; XLV.
132
Reaktywowanie
Polskiego Towarzystwa Ludoznawczego, XLII. 20, 21
Reedycja, XLII. 294, 460, 462
Region, XLII. 333, 334
Regionalizacja
budownictwa,
XLV.
391
Rababa.,

Rekonstrukcja
dziejów
kultury,
XLIV. 166
Rekonstrukcja
dziejów Afryki, XLV.
18, 22
- proces6w historycznych, XLII. 48,
115; XLIV. 159
- podziału gruntowego,
XLV. 12:1
Religia Isnegów, XLIV. 321
- murzynów, XLIV. 303,311,312
- Pigmejów , XLV. 37
Religioznawstwo,
XLV. 350
Relikty, XLTI. 330; XLIII. 18
Retrogresja
historyczna,
XLIV. 234
Heza, włóka, plosa, XLV. 137
Rękopisy Kolberga, XLII. 307
Rodzina duża, XLII. 607; XLV. 153
- języków Nil-Kongo,
XLV. 20
- mała, Eskimosów, XLIV. 221
'- patriarchalna,
XLV. 317
- wielka, XLII. 684
Rogi na proch, XLV. 86
Rok obrzędowy, XLII. 382-398
Rola kowala, kapłana, XLV. 365
Rolnictwo, XLII. 58; XLV. 114-116
- kurpiowskie,
XLII. 289
- mazowieckie,
XLII. 261
- w Egipcie, XLV. 24
Rośliny jadalne, XLII. 614, 617
Rozedrzyskała,
Rozwaliskała,
bajka,
XLV. 271, 275
Rozniecanie
ognia
przy
pomocy
wiercenia,
XLV. 46
Rozrywziele, bajka. XLII. 17
Rozszczepienie się wspólnoty, XLIV.
161
Rozwarstwienie
klasowe, społeczne,
XLII. 229-230,
292; XLIV. 157
- wsi, XLII. 6'9-114, 119, 127
Rozwój
konstrukcji
drewnianej,
XLV. 388
Różnice rozwoju kultury, XLIV. 161
Rubandy, zasłony weselne, XLII. 630

Rubież etnograficzna, XLII. 470, 471;
XLIV. 188
- Europy, XLV. 17
Ruch religijny górali, XLIV. 340
Ruiny Zimbabwe, XLV. 25
Rusałki, XLV. 307, 314
Ryba w bajce, XLV. 284
Rybołówstwo, XLII. 161, 162, 191
Rycerz odrodzenia,
tancerz
murz.,
XLV. 81-83
Rydel, XLII. 151
Ryki, płoty kamienne, XLV. 140
Rysunki skalne Australii, XLIV. 322
Rzemiosło wiejskie, XLII. 52, 59, 237,
267
Rzepa, XLII. 549
Rzesza Wielkomorawska,
XLII. 667
Rzeźba czukocka, XLII. 625
- Mawia, afryk., XLV. 80
- Tuwińców, XLIII. 195
- w kości, XLII. 624
S
Sa.ba, worek do mleka, XLII. 615
Sabat czarownic, XLII. 17
Sadyba, XLIII. 203
Samotrzask
na ptaki,
XLII.
527,
223-262
Sanie, XLII. 173
Saraj, drwalnia,
XLIV. 232
Sarafan,
odzież XLII. 636
Satyry ludowej podział, XLV. 408
Schemat kręgów kulturowych, XLV.
103
- rozwc~u społeczeństwa, XLII. 704
Seminarium afrykanistyczne,
XLIII.
497-500
Separacja
gruntów, XLII. 127
Sesj a Kolbergowska,
XLII.
218,
454-464, 938-947
Sesj a
etnograficzna,
niemiecka,
XLIII. 441, 442

634
Sesja odrodzenia
PAN, XLIII. 348
_ podhalaI1ska, XLIV. 267, 500, 512,
522
_ naukowa A.N. ZSRR, XLII. 886,
893
Sezonowa translokacja,
XLII, 723
Sieć badań, XLIV. 203
Siedliska, XLV. 135
Siekierka, XLII. 536
Sień, XLII. 185-188, 135; XLIII. 212
Sierp. XLII. 155-159.
Sibie~e, siubie~e, sybile, XLV. 314
Sidło, XLII. 529
Sidziniarki, XLIV. 340
Silesiana, XLII. 307, 458
Sinanthropus,
XLII. 707
Siostrzan, siestrzan, XLII. 185
Sitarze biłgorajscy, XLII. 231, 237
Siwaki podlaskie, XLIII. 354
Skiba, XLV. 138
Skala, Bunaka, XLIV. 47
- Fischera Sallera, XLIV. 19
- Martina, XLIV. 19
Skarby podziemne, XLIII. 551
Sk~e;:y, piwnice, XLII. 195
Skład etniczny Azji, XLII. 219-221
- ludności iberyjskiej.
XLV. 23
Składnik paleoazjatycki,
XLIV. 4'2
Składniki antropologiczne, XLIV. 31
Skórki ptaków, XLII. 627
Skrzynia, XLII. 165, 166
Slawistyka, XLII. 44
Słopiec na wilki, XLII. 524
Słowak, słowacki, słowiański, XLIV.
296
Słowianoznawstwo,
XLII. 465
Słownik etymologiczny języka czeskiego, XLIII. 272
- foklorystyczny,
XLIII. 288-296
- górnośląski, XLIII. 357
- filozoficzny, XLIV. 160
Słowr:iczek gwarowy, XLII. 15, 316

635
Słowniczek pigmejski, XLII. 747-748
- starożytności słowiańskich XLIII.
425
Smoki rytualne, XLIII. 274
Smyk, XLII. 173
Saba, j. buł. izba, XLV. 347
Socha, XLII. 51, 197, 920; XLIII, 219;
XLIV. 72, 301; XLV. 142, 147, 169,
177, 178
Socha litewska, podlallka, XLV. 181
- łopatkowa, XLII. 261, 721
- i ślemię, XLII. 629
- szwedzka, XLII. 721
Socjologia, XLII. 702; XLV. 371
Sołtysi, XLII. 120, 157, 170
Spancerek,
XLII. 79, 81
Spar, wspar, XLV. 231
Specyfika
kultury
Słowian, XLII.
331
- polskiej kultury ludowej, XLIV.
235
- terenu kurpiowskiego,
XLII. 287
Spichrz,
spichlerek,
spichlerzyk,
XLII. 128-130, 196
Spichrze, świrnie, XLV. 152
- Ulczów, XLII. 629
Spiłowane zęby, XLV. 90
Spław, XLIII. 230
Spodnie, XLII. 81, 85, 91, 101
- na oczkur, XLII. 637
- z cielęcej skóry, XLII. 80-95
Spódnice, spodnik, XLII. 83, 92, 95,
103, 105
Spółdzielczość, XLV. 155
Sprawozdanie
Instytutu
Historii
Kultury Materialnej,
XLIII. 500
Sprzęt zbóż, XLII. 155-159
Sprzęty, XLII. 162-169, 260, 261
Stadia rozwoju kultury, XLII. 707709
Stajnia, XLII. 193-195
Stajonka, długość pola, XLV. 138
Stanik, XLII. 102

Stare i nowe w etnografii,
XLIII
179; XLIV. 182
Statki, naczynia, XLII, 16'2-164
- słowiańskie,
XLII. 782-785
Statut cysterski. XLIV. e3
- Polskiego
Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego, XLIV. 527-539
Stępa, XLV. 214, 321
Stodoła, XLII. 127-132,
191-193.;
XLIV. 220
Stosunki
etniczne
tysiąclecia,
XLIII. 'ł05
- pokrewieństwa
w N. Brytanii,
XLV. 367
- rodzinne węgierskie, XLV. 341
- społeczne Czukczów , XLV. 315
- węgiersko-słowiańskie,
XLV. 338
Stożenie siana, XLV. 146
Stół, XLII. 165, 166
Straszaki, XLV. 257-262
Stroje lubelskie, XLII. 233
- łużyckie, XLIV. 348
Strój głowy, XLII. 637
- ludowy,
XLII.
112, 290, 608.;
XLIII. 337-344
- ludowy rumuński, XLV. 347
- obrzędowy, XLV. 90
- ślubny, XLII. 102
- Tadżyków, XLII. 602
Struktura
antropologiczna
Balticum
XLIV. 40
- etniczna Afryki, XLV. 13-34
- rodowa Turcji. XLIV. 320
Strzyga, XLII. 534.; XLV. 313
Strzygoń, XLII. 532
Strzyża, XLII. 525
Studnia,
XLII. 123-126,
132-133,
196-197
Substrat
staropigmejski,
XLV. 65
Sukmany, XLII. 86, 91, 97, 102, 103,
313
Sumiki, XLII. 140

Suszarnia, XLV. 382
Synchronizacja
zjawisk, XLIV. 175
Synteza antropologiczna, XLII. 465521
- etnograficzna, XLIV. 163
Symbioza, XLV. 45, 47, 54, 57
System
Aarne-Thompson-Krzyżanowski, XLII. 761
- językowy, XLII. 707
- dwóch klas, XLV. 113, 117
- A. Riegera, XLII. 554.-606
- zmianowania odgłogowego, XLV.
142
Systematyka,
XLII. 48
- bajek, XLII. 21, 29.; XLV. 263
- faktów kulturowych,
XLIV. 170
- epiki ludowej, XLV. 4.05
-- Kolberga, XLII. 27, 147
Szachownica gruntów, XLV. 127
Szachulec, XLII. 140
Szałaśnictwo alpejskie, XLII. 695
Szamanizm, XLV. 357
Szczepy Bałtów, XLIV. 12
Szczyt domu, XLII. 131
Szczodry wieczór, XLV. 314
Szeregi rozwojowe, XLIV. 172
Szkoła kulturowo-historyczna,
XLII.
704.; XLIV. 156
- lingwistyczno-mitologiczna,
XLII.
327.; XLIV. 254
_ wiedeńska, XLV. 91-124, 359
- zapożyczeń, XLIV. 254
Szlachta mazowiecka, XLV. 488
Szlak bursztynowy,
XLII. 488
- handlowy, XLIV. 73
Szkutnictwo,
XLIV. 57
- gdańskie, XLIV. 67
- skandynawskie,
XLIV. 60
Szońdy, XLII. 197
Szore, XLII. 83
Sztuka białoruska. XLII. 642
- paleolitu, XLV. 15

ti36

637

Sztuka plastyczna Słowian wschodnich, XLII. 635
- Powiśla, XLV. 418-421
- ukraiń~ka,
XLII. 639
Szuszun,
kaftanik, XLII. 637
Ślemiona, XLII. 131
Śparogi, XLII. 629
Śpiewacy wędrowni, XLII. 690
Śpiewki, XLII. 20, 28
Środki magiczne, XLIV. 84
Środowisko geograficzne, XLV. 161,
163
Śudra, XLIII. 298
Święcenie ziela, XLII. 537
Święta Marta, XLIII. 278
Święto rogów, XLV. 319
Świnie, XLV. 148
Świniobicie, XLII. 526
Świniopas, XLII. 548
T

Tabakierki, XLII. 620, 621
Tabu, XLV. 80
Talkan,
tłukno, XLII. 614, 616
Tamga, gmerk, XLIV. 221
Taniec, tańce, XLII. 20, 28, 238, 239
chodzony,
XLIII. 332
okrąg/y,
XLIII. 333
obrzędowy,
XLV. 81, 87
szocze, XLIII. 332
- walcerki, XLIII. 333
- wiwaty, XLIII. 332
Taradajki
do transportu sochy i brony, XLV. 142
Tatuaż, XLV. 327
Teatr tadżycki, XLII. 608
Technika badań społecznych, XLV.
371
Technika
kartograficzna,
XLIV.
200-204
- odlewanie, XLV. 15
- tkacka, XLII. 634
- uprawy, XLII. 261

Teki Kolberga, XLII. 13, 218, 253,
307-332, 355, 357, 321, 442, 456
Teksty Tuaregów, XLV. 360
Teoria akulturacji,
XLIII. 209
- archetypów Junga, XLV. 357, 366
- Czekanowskiego,
XLV. 380
- kręgów kulturowych,
XLV. 97109
- kulturowych
areałów, XLIII. 209
- motywów
wędrownych,
XLIV.
254
- typów kulturowych,
XLII. 714,
715
Terażniejszość w badaniach, XLIV.
158
Tereny
pigmejów
afrykańskich,
XLV. 37
Terminologia
skandynawska,
XLII.
711, 712
Teza Heyerdala, XLII. 703
Tezy dotyczące przedmiotu
celu
etnografii,XLIV.
155
Topór obrzędowy, XLV. 87
Totem, totemizm,
XLV. 104, 109,
114, 365
Tkactwo hornackie, słowackie, XLII.
682
Tłoka, XLV. 145, 153
Tłuki pięściowe, XLV. 360
Tradycja
grecko-rzymska,
XLV.
307-314
Transport,
XLII. 170-175
- narzędzi rolniczych, XLV. 142
- siana, XLII. 673, 674
Trofea
myśliwców
afrykańskich,
XLIV. 304
Trójpolówka,
XLII. 51, 59, 123
- indywidualna,
XLV. 133
-- zbiorowa, XLV. 125-156
Trzewiki, XLII. 98
Tylnica, XLIV. 61
Typ austro-afrykański,
XLV. 21
Typy hodowli psów, XLIV. 240

Typy gospodarczo-kulturowe,
XLIII.
245
- kultur pasterskich,
XLIV. 323
- nigrycki, sudański, XLV. 16
- orientalny, XLV. 24
U

Ubiór chłopski, XLIII. 352. p. odzież
- dziewcząt, XLII. 82, 108, 109
- górala, XLII. 523
- kobiet, YLII. 82-85, 95-98, 102105, 108
- kurpiowski,
XLII. 283
- lubelski, XLII. 233
- ludowy, XLII. 779
- "mekkański",
XLV. 326
- męski, XLII. 79-82, 307
- odświętny, XLII. 80
- roboczy, XLII. 79-86
Uboczność
zjawisk
kulturowych.
XLIV. 183
Ubój jeleni, XLV. 318
Ugorowanie, XLV. 134, 143, 144
Układ budynków,
gruntów,
XLII.
121, 131, 722; XLV. 128
Uprawa bananów, XLV. 20
- bru, XLV. 203-223
- lnu, XLV. 144
- prosa w Afryce, XLV. 22
- łopatą, XLIV. 305, 323
- tytoniu, XLV. 145
Upiór, XLII. 553
Uprząż, XLII. 170-175
Urodzenie dziecka, XLV. 364
Ustawy uwłaszczeniowe,
XLII. 50,
64, 70, 71, 118, 229, 269, 277, 286
Ustrój feudalny,
XLII, 54-56,
69,
117, 230
- patriarchalno-rodowy,
XLV. 323
- rodowy Eskimosów, XLIV. 221,
228
- ~połeczny Arabii, XLV. 322

Usytuowanie
chaty, XLII. 121, 129
Urządzenia przemysłowe, XLII. 159
-162
Uwrocie,
miejsca za wrotami, XLII.
123
Uzupełnianie
obrazu rozwoju kultury, XLIV. 159
W

Wabie żywe, XLV. 228-239
Wabienie, XLV. 223-262
Wabiki, XLV. 243-257
- bębenkowe, XLV. 251
- mieszkowe, XLV. 290
- muszlowate,
XLV. 252
- na łosia, 'XLV. 255
- na sarny, XLV. 254
- piórkowe, XLV. 253
- piszczałkowate,
XLV. 246
- tubowe, XLV. 244
- zwane przepiór,
XLII. 535
Walka klasowa, XLII. 343
Walki religijne, XLIV. 118-129
Wariant podhalański w bajce, XLV.
273
- ruski, XLV. 269
Warianty azjatyckie w bajce, XLV.
264
- bajki polskiej, XLV. 268, 269
- europejskie, XLV. 264
- bajki zwierzęcej, XLV. 265, 263
Warstwy kulturowe,
XLV. 101
- kulturowe
Afryki, XLV. 18
Warsztat
garncarski,
XLV. 416
Wartość materiałów Kolberga, XLII.
358
Wasm, znak dla bydła, XLV. 323
Watówki, XLII. 98
Wazy murzyńskie, XLV. 82
Wątki bajkowe, XLII. 314, 328
- litewskie, XLII. 440
_. lubel~kie, XLV. 274

639

638
Weryfikacja
Kolberga, XLII. 459
Wesele, XLII. 16, 207, 333, 363-378
Westka,
kamizela, XLII. 93
Wędrówka Krywiczów, XLII. 498
- ludów, XLV. 25
Wędrówki
motywów
wątków,
XLII. 341
- Słowian wschodnich,
Xl II. 501
- śpiewaków, XLII. 690
Węgierskie
wydania
etnograficzne,
XLV. 334, 340
Węglarka, XLII. 539
Wiatraki,
XLII. 159, 191
Widły, XLII. 157
Widowiska,
XLII. 19
Wielka rodzina, XLV. 324, 329
Wierzeje, XLII. 191
Wierzenia, XLII. 17.; XLIII. 71-92
- Enców, XLII. 623
- ludów myśliwskich,
XLV. 113
- religijne
afrykallskie,
XLV. 364
Wieś kujawska,
XLII. 123, 124, 129
- mazowiecka,
XLII. 129
-- pańszczyźniana,
XLII. 50, 71, 114
- podlaska, XLV. 128, 129
- polska, XLII. 122
- puszczańska,
XLV. 132
- socjalistyczna,
XLII. 690
- wielkopolska,
XLII. 17, 69-114.
1l7, 118, 124, 125, 128, 143,-19!l
Widowiska ludowe francuskie, XLIII.
275
Wilcze doły, XLV. 359
Wilkierze, XLII. 137
Wilkołak, XLII.' 541
Wilkou:yj,
podwywacz,
XLV. 224
Wiły, XLV. 307
Wioski murzyil~kie Mawia, XLV. 71
Wlóka,
miara
pola,
30 morgów,
XLV. 131
Włóki, wloki, XLII. 673.; XLV. 142
- do transportu
narzędzi rolniczych
XLV. 142

Wnętrze domu, XLII. 164, 165, 186
- izby opoczyńskiej,
XLV. 413
Wojownik pruski, XLII. 531
Wozacy podlascy,
XLV. 137
Wozy, XLII. 170, 171
- bose, XLII. 171, 174, 175
- póltoraczne,
XLII. 170, 171
Wózki powroźnicze, XLII. 673
Wpływ małżeństwa
na wielkość gospodarstwa,
XLIV. 152
Wpływy azjatyckie
w bajce, XLV.
285
- chamicko-kuszyckie,
XLV. 22
- rumuńskie,
XLV. 472-484
- słowackie,
XLIV. 294
Wrota, XLII. 197
- na pole, XLV. 140
Wskaźnik
głowy,
twarzy,
nosa,
XLIV. 9
Wsi ubóstwo, XLII. 54, 55
- węgierskiej przemiany, XLII. 689
- układ, XLII. 123
- zakładanie,
XLII. 122
- zamożność, XLII. 50, 51, 60, 62,
64, 182, 343
Wspinanie się na słup, XLII. 550
Wspólnota ludu, XLIV. 157
- terytorialna,
XLIV. 162
- wschodnio-słowiańska,
XLII. 633,
634
Współczesne badania
na Kurpiach,
XLII. 288-293
Współpraca archeologii z etnografią,
XLIII. 183-191, 242
- "Ludu" XLIII. 93
Wycinanki
kurpiowskie,
XLII. 29
Wydawnictwa
Polskiego
Towarzystwa Ludoznawczego,
XLII. 46
Wydeptywanie
zboża, XLV. 384
Wykaz miejsc badanych przez Kolberga, XLII. 398-412
Wykrywanie
genezy faktów kulturowych, XLIV. 164

Wypasanie
bydła w lasach, XLV.
143
Wyposażenie wnętrza, XLII. 260,261
Wyprawy
Wikingów, XLIV. 39
Wyrobnicy, XLII. 73
Wyrwida,b w bajce, XLV. 271, 274
Wystawa budownictwa
socjalistycznego, XLII. 649
- sztuki ludowej, XLII. 925-937.;
XLIII. 451-463
Wywiad społeczny, XLV. 371
Wywoływanie
burzy, XLIV. 88
Wzorcownie
przemysłu
ludowego,
XLIII. 421
Z

Zabawki N. Gwinei, XLV. 360
Zadania etnografii
polskiej, XLIII.
92
- etnografów, XLIV. 157
- metody
kartograficznej,
XLIV.
153-204
Zagadki, XLII. 18, 19.; XLIV. 321
Zagon, plosa, XLV. 137
Zagroda, XLII. 127-129; XLV. 151153
Zagroda
lubelska,
XLII. 129, 130,
135
- mazowiecka,
XLII. 128, 129
- wielkopolska,
XLII. 128
- w okół, XLII. 128
Zagrodnicy, XLII. 6;2, 71, 73, 190
Za gumnie, droga za stodołami, XLV.
141
Zajęcia pozarolnicze, XLV. 150-151
Zakres etnografii,
XLII. 27.; XLIV.
130
Założenia
atlasu
etnograficznego,
XLIV. 154
- badań radzieckich, XLII. 650
- atlasu Górnej Austrii, XLIV. 336
Zakres historii kultury materialnej,
XLIV. 131

Zamożność

wsi, XLIV. 147, 149
krawędź zagonu,
XLV. 138
Zapis melodii, XLII. 225, 238, 239
Zapożyczenia
kulturowe,
XLII. 341
Zasada
kompleksowości
w kartografii XLIV. 183, 189, 192
- równości przydziałów,
XLIV. ISO
Zasięg buku, XLV. 377
- Kaszubszczyzny,
XLV. 433
Zasięgi zjawisk, XLIV. 177
Zasłony ślubne tadżyckie, XLII. 630
Zastodole, droga za zagrodami, XLV.
142
Zawartość
teki śląskiej
Kolberga,
XLII. 309-314
Zbieractwo,
XLII. 283, 719.; XLV.
133
- pieśni, XLII. 21~
Zbieracze, XLII. 22.; XLV. 46
Zbiory w Gdyni, XLIV. 415
_ Ministerstwa
Kultury
i Sztuki,
XLIII. 419-421
Zespalanie
gospodarstw,
XLIV. 146
Zespół kulturowy
rozerwany,
XLV.
102
_ języków sudańskich, XLV. 19
Zgromadzenia
Polskiego
Towarzystwa Ludoznawczego, XLIII. 9, 62,
168, 487.; XLIV. 512.; XLV. 519544
Ziela, "ciotka", "matka", XLII. 617
Zioła, XLIV. 339
Zielnik Jakuba Wagi, XLV. 204
Zjawiska
społeczne, XLIV. 162
Zimne budynki, XLV. 152
Zinwentaryzowanie
stano\'1:isk Kolberga, XLII. 451
Złotogłowie kaszubskie,
XLIII. 35~
Zmiany
kulturowe
na wsi. XLII.
344.; XLIV. 177
- w krajobrazie kulturowym, XLIII.
233

Zapaski,

zapaszki,

640

641

Zmiany w strukturze
gospodarczej,
XLII. 288
Zmienność wytworów kulturowych,
XLIV. 167
Zmory, XLV. 313
Znaleziska, XLV, 16, 17
Zróżnicowanie
budownictwa,
XLV.
390
- kultury, XLIV. 169
- lokalne, XLII. 262
- ludności, XLII. 514
- obszaru
nadbałtyckiego,
XLIV.
33
- zjawisk etnograficznych,
XLIII.
11
Związek etnografii z historią, XLIV.
156
Związki przestrzenno-etniczne,
XLIV. 162
Zwierzęta w bajce, XLV. 263-305
- udomowione, XLIV. 323
Zwyczaje pasterskie, XLIV. 87, 101
115

Zwyczaje prawne, XLIV. 133
Źródła arabskie, XLII. 685, 756
- archiwalne,
XLIII. 93-121
- etnograficzne, XLII. 149.; XLIII.
93-121.; XLIV. 158, 159, 174, 179
- Kolberga, XLII. 360, 429, 438
- zapiw Rudolfa, XLIV. 319
Z
Zarowa uprawa, XLV. 356
Żebracy, XLII. 99, 104, 106
Zeglarze, XLIV. 65
Żegluga polska, XLIV. 68
Zelazo, XLV. 14
Żniwa, XLIV. 192, 193
- w Finlandii, XLV. 382
- na Węgrzech, XLV. 334, 335
Żołądź w bajce, XLV. 286
Życie społeczne, XLIII. 63-70.; XLV.
153-154
Żywność, XLII. 233

Bircza Stara, XLII. 303
Boratyn, XLII. 299
Boruszyn, pow. obornicki,
Brazylia, XLV. 355

XLII. 104

C

J

Chełmskie, XLII. 375, 390 mapa
Chorwacja, Chrobacja, XLII. 484
Cieszyn, XLII. 311
Czechy, XLII. 48()-485
Czersk, XLII. 11
Czortowiec, XLII. 136
Czukotka, XLV. 315
D

Dania, XLIII. 267-269
Dubiecko, XLII. 304
Dudy Puszczańskie,
XLII.

279-282

E

Elbląg, XLIV. 69
Egipt, XLV. 17

INDEKS ETNO GEOGRAFICZNY *
Nazwy geograficzne: kraje, miejscowości, elementy

F

fizjograficzne.

A

B

Abisynia, XLV. 17, 18, 25
Afryka, XLV. 13-34
Amguema, rzeka, XLV. 318
Ameryka Południowa, XLII. 619
Augustowskie,
XLII. 436 mapa
Auksztajta,
XLIV. 37
Azja
t'rodkowa,
XLII.
607-609;
XLIV. 228-230
Azji Stepy, XLV. 23

Bab-el Mandeb, ciesmna, XLV. 23
Babice, XLII. 303
Bachów, XLII. 296
Bahr-el-Djebel
(Nil), XLV. 22
Bahr-el-Ghazai,
XLV. 22
Balticum, XLIV. 7-47
Biała Serbia, XLII. 493
Białoruś, XLII. 26, 442; XLV. 226,
240

Z uwagi na znikomą ilość nazw geograficznych
nie przeprowadzono
szczegółowego podziału nazw geograficznych, elementów fizjograficznych,
toponomastyki,
ani
też nie wyodrębniono nazw na poszczególne części świata. Litera N. oznacza: nowe;
M-małe; W-wielkie; D-duże; pow. powiat.

Finlandia,
382

XLIII.

269-272;

XLV.

G

Gdań~k, XLIV. 69
Gez-tą-pua
nad Amazonką,
XLV.
103
Golejewek, XLII. 79
Górny Śląsk, XLV. 358
Góry Świętokrzyskie,
XLV. 128
Gruzja, XLII. 661
H

Hrubieszów, XLII. 122
Hruskie, pow. Augustów, XLV. 125156
1 ••Lud",

t. XLV

Indochiny, XLIII. 195
Iskań, XLII. 295
Ituri, rzeka, XLV. 48

Japonia, XLV. 359
Jelenia Góra, XLII. 421
Jeżyce, k. Poznania, XLII. 96
K

Kalahari, pustynia, XLV. 19
Kaliskie, XLII. 51, 374, 383 mapa
Kamerun, XLV. 351
Kieleckie, XLII. 19, 376 mapa
Konojad, XLII. 176, 177
Kościan, XLII. 94
Kórnik, XLII. 78-80
Krajna, XLII. 161
Krakowskie, XLII. 25, 370, 371
Kraków, XLII. 22
Krobienice, Radomskie, XLII. 128
Krotoszyn, XLII. 74
Kujawy, XLII. 19, 121, 125, 369
Kurlandia, XLIV. 36
Kurpie, XLII. 264-293
Krzyworównia,
XLV. 243
Kwidzyń, XLIV. 51
L

Leszczowate, XLII. 297
Liguria, XLV. 24
Lipa-Lepa, XLIV. 65
Lipnik, W., XLIV. 118
Lubelskie, XLII. 130, 216-248,
374 mapa
Ł
Łapsze Wyżne, XLIV. 119
Łęczyckie, XLII. 374, 381 mapa

372

- --'''.

..

643

642
Łoniowa pow. Bochnia, XLV. 214
Łużyce, XLII. 328, 422
M
Macedonia, XLV. 240
Malborg, XLIV. 51
Mazowsze, XLII. 125, 249-263, 374,
386, 388 mapa
Mazowsze Leśne, XLII. 123
- Polne, XLII. 123
- Stare, XLII. 249-263
Między jezierze afrykańskie, XLV.23
Mieszków pow. Pleszew, XLII. 85
Madlnica, XLII. 22, 36
Modlniczka, XLII. 22
Morawy, XLII. 481, 667-670
Morowica pow. kościerski, XLII. 83,
89
Mozambik, XLV. 70
Myszyniec, XLII. 282, 285
N

Nilotów kraj, XLV. 366
Ninino pow. obornicki, XLII. 80
Norwegia, XLIII. 265-267
Nowa Gwinea, XLIV. 299; XLV. 43,
359

o
Obornickie, XLII. 165
Orawa, XLIV. 18, 118-129,
Osturnia, XLIV. 118

281-396

P
Pakosław, XLII. 79
Pałuki, XLII. 161, 167
Peru, XLII. 728
Podhale, XLV. 128; XLIV. 334
Podkarpacie, XLII. 513; XLV. 209
Podlasie, XLV. 128
Pokucie, XLII. 19, 27, 513

Pojana lVIikuli, XLIV. 127
Polesie, XLII. 465, 507-513; XLV.
240
Półwysep Bałkański, XLV. 342-347
Pomorze, XLIII. 252; XLIV. 49
Potaszyca, Potarzyca, XLII. 79, 86
Powiaty: babimojski,
XLII. 81, 82,
213
- biłgoraj ski, XLII. 242
- bukowski, XLII. 85, 97, 213
- bydgoski, XLII. 213
- chełmskI, XLII. 242
- chodzieski, XLII. 86-87, 213
- czarnkowski, XLII, 83, 85, 213
- gnieżnieński, XLII. 213
- gostyński, XLII. 86
- hrubieszowski,
XLII. 242
- inowrocławski, XLII. 213
- kościański, XLII. 213
- krasnostawski,
XLII. 242
- kraśnicki, XLII. 244
- krobski, XLII. 82, 83, 213
- krotoszyński,
XLII. 83, 214
- lubartowski, XLII. 244
- lubelski, XLII. 244
- międzychodzki, XLII. 214
- międzyrzecki, XLII, 214
- mogilnicki, XLII. 214
- obornicki, XLII. 85, 214
- odolanowski, XLII. 85, 214
- ostrzeszowski, XLII. 214
- pleszewski, XLII. 81, 83, 214
- poznański, XLII. 214
- puławski, XLII. 246
- radzyński, XLII. 247
- sulechowski, XLII. 111
- szamotulski, XLII, 109, 206, 215
- szubiński, XLII. 215
- średzki, XLII. 83, 98, 215
- śremski, XLII. 215
- tomaszewski,
XLII. 247
- węgrowiecki,
XLII. 215
- wrzesiński,
XLII. 215

Powiaty wschowski, XLII. 85, 215
_ wyrzyski, XLII. 86, 87, 215
_ zamojski, XLII. 247
Powiśle, XLIV. 47
Poznańskie, XLII. 25, 51, 103-113,
201, 215, 371; XLIV. 49
Prusy Wschodnie, XLIV. 47
Przemyskie, XLII. 51, 294-306, 376,
394 mapa
Punt, kraj, XLV. 25
Puszcza Augustowska, XLV. 130
_ Nowodworska, XLV. 130
_ Nowogrądzka, XLII. 283
_ Ostrołęcka, XLII. 283
_ Perstuńska,
XLV. 130
_ Zielona, XLII. 283, 288
R

Radomskie, XLII. 373, 379 mapa
Rasztowska Wola, XLII. 322
Roztoka, XLIV. 61
Ruś, XLII. 632
Ryczywół, XLII. 184
Rzeszów, XLII. 19
S

,

•

Sandomierskie,
XLII. 51, 368
Sanockie, XLII. 301
Sanu dorzecze, XLII. 294.-306
Sawin, XLII. 350
Siekierki pow. średzki, XLII. 203,
205
Sieniawa, XLII. 299
Skandynawia, XLIV. 7-47
Szwecja, XLIII. 260-265
Słowacja, XLV. 226
Spisz, XLIV. 118-129
Śląsk, XLII. 307-332;
XLIV. 49;
XLV. 397-399
- Cieszyński, XLIII. 335
- Górn)', XLII. 306

Środa, XLII. 77
Swięciany, XLIV. 18
T
Tadżykistan,
XLV. 328, 329; XLIII.
208
Tanganika, XLII. 71
Taraskon, XLIII. 274.-279
Tarnowo pow. chełmski, XLII. 130
Tarnów, XLII. 19
Tolkmicko, XLIV. 73
Tomaszowice, XLII. 22
Troki, XLIV. 18
Truso, XLIV. 73
U

Ukraina,

XLII. 26, 465, 507-513,

631

W
Warszawa, XLII. 11, 14, 49
Wielkie Księstwo Poznańskie
XLII.
200-215
'
Wielkopolska,
XLII. 69-114, 200215, 122, 123
Wielkoruś, XLV. 240
Wietnam, XLIII. 196
Wilno, XLIV. 37
Winiary k. Poznania, XLII. 100
Wiriatyno ZSRR, XLIV. 205
Wolkowe, XLII. 290
Wołyń, XLII. 19,513; XLV. 209,217,
225
Wrocław, XLII. 310
Września, XLII. 77
Wyżyce pow. Bochnia, XLV. 214
Wyszatyce, XLII. 295, 297, 304
Z
Zakopane, XLII. 24
Zaharowce, XLIV. 128

··-~t"". ,.....

".•...• ~

•.'

,. w.'

645

644
1

Zambezi, rzeka, XLV. 22
Z:lmość, XLII. 122
Zastów, Radomskie, XLII. 128
Ziemia Lubuska, XLII. 111

NAZWY SZCZEPOW,

l

Ż

Żabie, XLV. 225
Żakarowce, XLV. 274, 281
Żmudź, XLII. 435
Żuławy, XLIV. 71

PLEMION,

A

Aeta na Filipinach, XLV. 41
Ajncwie, XLII. 611, 702; XLV. 103
Akoa, Pigmeje, XLV. 44
Andamanie, XLV. 41, 48, 50, 103
Antowie, XLII. 318 mapa, 465, 503,
632, 643
Arabowie, XLII. 607; XLV. 25, 321
Arikena, Brazylia, XLV. 353
Ała, XLV. 356
Awarowie, XLII. 607
Ayom, karły, N. Gwinei, XLV. 42
B

Baambe, Pigmeje afryk. XLV. 65
Babali, XLV. 54, 65
Babeyru, XLV. 54
Babinga, XLV. 42, 44
Ba-Bira, Babiru, XLV. 54, 65
Baćwa, Loćwa, XLV. 44, 51
Bagielli, XLV. 44
Bahima, Wahima, XLV. 13, 23
Bakumu, XLV. 54, 65
Balese, XLV. 54, 65
Balika, XLV. 54, 65
Bambuba, XLV. 54
Bambuti, XLV. 35, 41, 43, 45, 48, 54,
65
Bandande, XLV. 54
Bandaka, XLV. 54, 65
Bantu, XLV. 352
Bantuidzi, XLV. 22

Banyari, XLV. 54
Barumbi, XLV. 54
Basua, XLV. 44, 54, 56
Batutsi, Watusi, XL. 13, 23
Batwa-Twa,
XLV. 15, 42, 43, 51
Bayakowie, Kongo belg. XLV. 361
Belu, Archipelag
Sundajski,
XLV.
350
Bhil, szczep indyjski, XLV. 15
Buszmeni, XLV. 15, 19, 43, 103
Bvuba, XLV. 65
Bałtowie, XLII. 471; XLIV. 38, 73
Bamberki, XLII. 102, 103
Bambrzy, XLII. 96, 99-102
Białochrobaci, XLII. 493
Buriaci, XLII. 608
C

Efe, Pigmeje, XLV. 44, 65
Encowie,
Samojedzi
jenisiejscy,
XLII. 623
Enowie, XLII. 607
Eskimo!li, XLIV. 221-228; XLV. 316
Eskimosi, ?aleokalifornijczycy,
XLV.
103
Estończycy, XLIV. 8
F
Fenicjanie, XLV. 25
Filiponi, XLII. 260
Finowie nadbałtyccy,

XLIV. 7, 34

Gagauzi, XLII. 608
Gheez, XLV. 25
Gilacy, XLIII. 73
Goci, XLII. 485-491, 517
Górale, XLIII. 335; XLIV. 118-129
Gunantua,
N. Brytania,
XLV. 365,
368
H

Hotentoci, XLV. 23
Huculi, XLV. 227
Hyksosi, XLV. 25, 727
I

XLV.

XLII. 100, 101
afr., XLIV. 303;

K

Kamczadale, XLV. 103
Kamilaroi,
AU!ltralia, XLV. 103
Karakałpacy,
XLII. 607
Karuga, Rodezja, XLV. 367
Kazachy, XLII. 607
Kean, N. Gwinea, XLV. 351
Kindiga, XLV. 24
Kirgizi, XLII. 622, 23; XLIV. 212,
219
Koriacy, XLV. 103, 316
Kurali, LIV. 40 X
Kurowie, XLIV. 10, 39
Kurpie, XLII. 264-293
Kumycy, XLII. 608

G

Indianie, XLII. 733, 736; XLV. 367
Isneg, XLV. 351
Itelmeni, XLV. 316

D
Derlacy-Bambrzy,
Dorobo, murzyni
XLV. 355

Jamańczycy,
Ameryka
Płd, XLV.
103
Jukagirzy, XLV. 103, 316, 318

E

LUDOW I NARODOW

Chanaanejczycy,
XLV. 25
Chantowie, XLII. 625
Chazarowie, XLII. 618
Cori, szczep afr., XLIV. 41
Cuna, XLII. 730
Czesi, XLII. 666-688
Czukcze, XLV. 103
- koczownicy,
nadmorscy,
316

Dregowicze, XLIII. 304
Dunganie, XLII. 607

J
Jadźwingowie,
17

XLII. 257,501; XLIV.

L

Lapończycy, XLII. 512
Lechici, XLII. 464, 491-494
Lendu, XLV. 20
Litwini, XLIV. 8
Liwowie, XLIV. 8, 24, 30
Ludy Oceanii, XLV. 367
- syberyjskie, XLII. 607, 608
- tungusko-mandżurskie,
XLV. 316
Ł

Łamutowie, XLV. 316
Łemki, XLVI. 118
Łotysze, XLIV. 8
M

Mabudu, murzyni afryk.
Madi, XLV. 20
Makonde, XLV: 70-91
Makua, XLV. 70

XLV.

65

647

646
Mamvu, Momwu, XLV. 20, 54, 65
Mangbetu, XLV. 57
Masaje, XLV. 90
Mawia, XLV. 71
Medje, XLV. 54, 57
Mombutu, XLV. 54, 65
Mazurzy, XLIV. 49
Montanezi, szczep Indian, XLV.227,
239
N

Negrito, Pigmeje Azji, XLV. 41
Negritos, Pigmeje filipińscy,
XLV.
356
Negryci, Filipiny, XLV. 103
Neurowie, XLII. 479; XLIV. 38
Ngadha, Archip.
Sundajski,
XLV.
362
Nganasowie, XLII. 607
Niemcy, XLII. 69, 70, 105, 108
Nachurcy, Turkmeni,
XLV. 333
O
Obongo, XLV. 44
Ojibway, XLV. 109
Olendrzy, XLII. 120, 134
Ordos, XLV. 363
Oroczoni, XLIII. 200
P

Papuasi N. Gwinei, XLV. 43, 103
Pigmeje, XLII. 692, 738-748; XLV.
13
- Afryki Środkowej,
XLV. 19, 35
- filipińscy, XLV. 357
- nad Ituri, XLV. 103
Polacy, XLII. 69, 70, 79, 103
Pomorzanie,
XLIV. 71
R

Radymicze, XLIII.
Ruanda, XLV. 44

Rumbi, XLV. 87
Rusini, XLII. 296, 297
Rusnacy, XLIV. 119
S
Samojedzi, XLII. 623, 624; XLV. 103
Sandawe, XLV. 24
Sekuam, Ameryka Płd. XLV. 103
Semangowie,
XLV. 41, 50
- filipińscy, XLV. 103
- malajscy, XLV. 357
Semici, XLV. 24, 32
Senoi filipińscy, XLV. 103
Serbowie Łużyccy, XLII. 422
Siewierzanie,
XLII. 644
Skandynawowie,
XLIV. 42
Słowacy, XLIV. 129
Słowianie, XLII. 45, 643; XLV. 377
- wschodni
i połud., XLII. 497503
Słowińcy, XLIV. 71
Sulka, N. Brytania, XLV. 349
Sumeryjczycy,
XLV. 24
Szorcowie, XLII. 614, 663
T
Tasmani,
Tasmanoidzi,
XLV. 354
Tatarzy, XLII. 607
Tuaregowie,
XLV. 355
Tunguzi, XLV. '103, 316
Turkmeni,
XLII. 607
Twidzi, Pigmeje afro XLV. 43

u
Ujgurowie, XLII. 608
Uralczycy, XLII. 661
Urunda, XLV. 44
W

304

Wabudu, murzo afro XLV. 54
Walbiri, Australia,
XLV. 353

Wamwere, murzo afro XLV.
Wangelina, XLV. 54
Wangwana,
XLV. 33
Wapogoro, XLIV. 303
Wayo, XLV. 70
Weddyci, Cejlon, XLV. 103
Wenedowie, XLIV. 65

70

Wiatycze, XLIII. 304
Węgrzy, XLII. 689, 694
Wołosi morawscy, XLV. 339

ż
Żmudzini, XLIV. 24
Żydzi, XLII. 69, 70; XLV. 25

INDEKS NAZWISK
A
Aarne A. LXIII. 289; XLV. 263
Abraham
W. XLII. 419; XLIII. 20;
XLIV. 134
Adalberg S. XLII. 29
Adamska-Zawistowicz
K. patrz Zawistowicz-Adamska
Adamus R. M. XLIII. 285
Afanasjew
A. N. XLII. 22, 328
Akielewicz M. XLII. 422, 435
Anczyc W. XLII. 370
Andrejew
N. P. XLIV. 255
Ankermann
B. XLIV. 164; XLV. 20,
21, 34
Antoniewicz
W. XLII. 447; XLIV.
504
Antropowa W. W. XLV. 360
Arlt. G. O. XLII. 557
Anuczin D. N. XLIV. 8, 44
Armon W. XLII. 431-445, 768
Assorodobraj
N. XLII. 268
Aul J. XLIV. 44
Awizonis P. J. XLIV. 44
B

Bac S. XLV. 173
Bach A. XLIV. 164, 193
Bachmann A. XLII. 469
Backman G. XLIV. 44
Bakos F. XLII. 689

AUTOROW

Balas E. XLII. 672
Balasso I. XLII. 693
Baliński M. XLII. 226, 265
Balzer O. XLIV. 132; XLV. 126, 156
Bandtkie J. S. XLII. 316, 321
Baran L. XLII. 671
Baranowski
B. XLII. 263, 755
Baranowski
I. XLV. 126, 156
Barącz, XLII. 298; XLV. 264
Barlow H. XLII. 571
Bartkiewicz
W. XLII. 316
Bartok B. XLII. 562
Bastian A. XLII. 340, 346, 704
Baumann H. XLV. 95
Baumgarten
K. XLII. 240
Bąk S. XLV. 426
Bechman A. D. XLIV. 230
Belenyesy M. XLII. 691
Belicer W. XLIII. 191
Bergmann E. XLII. 70
Bernheim E. XLV. 98
Bernsztam
A. XLIV. 212
Berwiński
R. XLII. 24, 30, 31, 45,
146
Białecki, XLII. 317
Biedrzukiewicz
J. XLII. 355
Biegajło W. XLV. 127
Bielicki, XLII. 146
Bielski, XLII. 29
Bieńkowski
W. XLII. 421
Biester J. E. XLII. 122, 125
Birket K. XLIV. 221; XLV. 93

648
Bittner-Szewczykowa
H. XLII. 947;
XLIII. Suplement
Bliziński J. XLII. 33, 47
Błaszczyk S. XLII. 776, 922, 957
Błomkwist E. E. XLIII. 211
Boas, XLII. 706
Bobrzyński M. XLII.
413; XLIV.
133
Bogatyrjew T. G. XLIV. 265
Bogdanow A. XLIV. 7
Bogusławski, XLII. 25
Bohomolec, XLII. 25, 30
Bolte J. XLII. 314; XLV. 296
Bornemann F. XLIV. 313; XLV. 92,
357
Bohm J. XLII. 668; XLIV. 193
Brandt B. XLV. 156
Brandt Ch. S. XLIII. 284
Braun F. XLV. 156
Brennsohn J. XLIV. 44
Brensztajn M. XLII. 435
Broca P. XLII. 466; XLIV. 7
Brodziński K. XLII. 26, 37
Brown A. R. XLV. 36
BrUckner A. XLII. 30, 263; XLV.
313, 314
Bruk S. I. XLIV. 219
Buga K. XLII. 499; XLIV. 37
Bujak F. XLII. 416; XLIV. 65; XLV.
126, 156
Bulanda E. LV. 91
Bule van G. XLII. 703, 738; XLV.
68
Burgstaller
E. XLIV. 252, 336
Burszta J. XLII. 755, 794, 884; XLIII.
323
Busłajew, XLV. 312
Bystroń J. st. XLII. 28, 44, 309;
XLIII. 175; XLIV. 164
Bytnar-Suboczowa
M. XLIV. 166
C
Casati

G. XLV. 52

Cegielski K. XLV. 171
Cernohorsky K. XLII. 666
Chaillu P. XLV. 35
Charuzin A. XLIV. 8, 44
Chitimia J. C. XLIV. 267
Chodakowski A. XLII. 205
Chodźko A. XLII. 26
Chomiński L. XLV. 458
Chmielińska I. LII. 775
Chmielowski T. XLII. 30, 44
Chopin F. XLII. 10, 12, 37, 38, 49,
335
Christian W. XLV. 94
Chybiński A. XLII. 560; XLIII. 20;
LIV. 507
X
Cichowicz W. XLII. 114; XLIII. 331
Cieśla-Reinfus!owa
Z. XLIII. 354,
355
Ciesielski W. XLII. 221, 228, 232,
234-236
Cinciała A. XLII. 311
Ciszewski S. XLII. 32, 315; XLIII.
16
Colling H. D. XLV. 86
Cook J. XLII. 726
Coriat J. E. XLII. 727
Cygański M. XLV. 243
Czacki T. XL!!. 252
Czajewski, XLII. 270, 271, 280-283
Czarnowski S. XLIII. 178
Czeboksarow N. N. XLII. 656; XLIV.
7, 44
Czekanowska A. XLIII. 122, 123
Czekanowski
J. XLII.
465-521;
XLIII. 16, 17, 303, 312; XLIV. 7,
17, 44, 164, 166; XLV. 13, 23, 34,
38, 53, 207, 397
Czepurkowski E. M. XLIV. 15, 44
Czerniewska K. XLV. 425
Czernik S. XLIII. 325; XLV. 402,
407
Ciźikow L. N. XLIV. 206

,
I

l

\
I

l

.~

,l
l,
I

il

!

J
l

J
<

j

I
I..

D

Damborsky J. XLII. 679, 688; XLIV.
274
Danielewski I. XLII. 24
Dąbrowski J. XLII. 113
Dąbrowski S. XLII. 233, 239
Dąbkowski P. XLII. 414; XLIV. 133
Dekowski J. B. XLV. 384
Delimat T. XLII. 49-68, 238, 285,
800; XL!II. 226; XLIV. 66, 153
Dembowski B. XLII. 24
Dembowski E. XLII. 37, 66, 113
Deniker J. XLII. 517; XLIV. 8, 45
Długosz J. XLII. 44
Dobrowolska A. XLIII. 108
Dobrowolska D. XLII. 644-666
Dobrowolski K. XLII. 454-464, 750;
XLIII. 23, 181; XLIV. 502; XLV.
126, 156, 397
Dopsch A. XLV. 156
Doroszewski W. XLIV. 199
Drobna Z. XLII. 668
Druźbacka E. XLII. 360
Drexel A. XLV. 19
Dumont L. XLIII. 274
Dvornik F. XLII. 485, 491, 497-499;
XLIII. 308
Dynowski W. XLII. 753; XLV. 156,
373
Dźabbarow I. XLV. 328
E

l

l
I

ł

Eberhard W. XLV. 93
Edmont E. XLIV. 252
Ehrenkreutz
C. XLII. 263
Ehrhardt Z. XLIV. 263
Emin Pasza XLV. 22
Erixon S. XLII. 711
Estreicher K. XLII. 38
F

Fajnberg

L. XLIV. 221

Falkowski J. XLII. 263, 469; XLV.
180
Federowski M. XLII. 32
Fejos P. XLII. 736
Fiedler R. XLII. 317; XLIV. 338
Fischer A. XLII. 219, 234; XLIII.
77, 80; XLIV. 165
Fischer E. XLIII. 232
Flizak S. XLII. 954; XLIV. 343
Flor F. XLV. 93
Florea Florescu, XLV. 347
Fojtik K. XLII. 675
Franko I. XLIII. 12, 13, 71
Frankowska
M. XLIII. 37; XLIV.
154, 165
Frankowski E. XLII. 645; XLIII. 17,
354
Fritz J. M. XLII. 317, 329
Frobenius L. XLIV. 164; XLV. 26,
98
Fryczowa M. XLV. 263, 305
Funk, XLIII. 288
G

Gajek J. XLII. 13, 35-48, 218, 337,
422, 454, 576, 631, 758, 797, 893,
909,962; XLIII. 9,23,37,174,337,
449, 504; XLIV. 153, 159, 165, 204,
239, 251, 512; XLV. 177, 203
Gajkowa b. XLII. 885, 909; XLV.
621-660
Gajzlerowa W. XLIV. 279
Gansiniec-Ganszyniec
R. XLIII. 20,
77, 78, 323; XLIV. 75; XLV. 12
Garyga B. XLIV. 250; XLV. 158202
Gawarecki
H. XLII. 265, 267, 276,
281
Gawełek F. XLII. 38, 439
Gawron W. XLII. 950
Gayre G. R. XLIII. 246
Gerson W. XLII. 11
Gieysztor A. XLIII. 301

650

651

Glapa A. XLII. 69-114,
421-424,
Gillieron J. XLI. 252; XLV. 445
782, 937; XLIV. 350; XLV. 401
Gliński M. XLII. 23
Gloger Z. XLII. 121, 219, 265, 269,
276, 281, 293; XLV. 156
Gluziński J. XLII. 130, 140, 222, 228,
238
Gładysz M. XLII. 307-332, 753
Gołębiowski Ł. XLII. 143, 223, 283,
316
Gorecki A. XLII. 26
Gorki M. XLII. 648
Gostomski A. XLII. 44, 137
Gotkiewicz M. XLIV. 118, 298
Gottfried K. XLII. 298
Grabowski B. XLIV. 134
Graebner
F. XLIV. 164; XLV. 19,
110
Grajnert, XLII. 270, 271
Graus F. XLII. 667
Grimm J., Grimowie, XLII. 22, 227,
326; XLV. 265, 271
Grottger A. XLII. 37
Grube O. XLIV. 45
Gunda B. XLV. 338
Gurwicz I. S. XLV. 318
Gusinde M. XLIV. 314; XLV. 42, 44,
59, 94, 369

Heine-Geldern
R. XLV. 93
Heinitz W. XLII. 570
Hejnosz
W. XLII.
413-420,
795;
XLIII. 325; XLIV. 130
Hempel M. XLII. 350
Hensel W. XLII. 631
Henzel T. XLIII. 427; XLV. 21, 34
Hesch M. XLIV. 45
Hettner H. XLIV. 164, 193
Hilden K. XLIV. 45
Hławiczka K. XLII. 238
Hoff J. B. XLII. 201-204, 211, 212,
312, 322
Hoffmanowa
K. XLII. 222-224
Holsche XLII. 252, 261
Hołubowicz W. xLIII. 89, 188
Horalek K. XLIV. 269
Hryncewicz-Talko
J. XLIV. 11, 46
Hiibner A. XLIV. 193
Hynek J. XLII. 223
Hytrek A. XLII. 311
I
Ilin G. F. XLIII. 298
Inglot S. XLV. 160, 172, 186
Iskrzycka XLII. 219
Iwanow S. W. XLII. 609; XLIV. 240;
XLV. 332
Iwanowsky A. A. XLIV. 45

H

Haas W. XLII. 558
Hacquet XLII. 227
Haekel J. XLV. 92
Halban L. XLII. 415; XLIV. 132
Hammarda
C. F. E. XLII. 308
Hanneson G. XLIV. 45
Hanusz I. XLII. 223
Haudricourt
A. G. XLII. 470
Haupt L. XLII. 309, 337, 422
Haur, J. K. XLII. 44, 227
Hedemann, XLII. 263
Heimendorf K. XLV. 73

J
Jabłczyński
J. XLII. 145
Jackowski A. XLII. 769
Jacobeit W. XLIII. 442
Jakimowicz
XLII. 263
Jakóbczyk W. XLII. 70-73,
Jaraczewska Z. XLII. 223
Jaroszewicz XLII. 252
Jasińska R. XLII. 25, 36
Jastrzębski
J. XLII. 238
Jenike E. XLII. 11, 250
Jerums N. XLIV. 45

114

•

Johansen P. XLIV. 45
Johnson H. XLII. 52
Jostowa W. XLIII. 335; XLIV. 501
Judenko K. XLIII. 49-63
Jurczenko
B. XLII. 358
Juszkiewicz A. XLII. 432
Kaiser E. XLIV. 193
Kalina A. XLIII. 12
Kałużyński
XLIII. 435
Kamiński M. XLII. 441
Kandt-K;;.ntorowicz
R. XLV. 15
Kapuściński
M. XLIV. 126
Karłowicz J. XLII. 9, 20-23, 31, 32,
40, 119, 121, 219, 345, 43fl; XLIII.
10, 71; XLIV. 164; XLV. 450 Karpiński
F. XLII. 320
Karpińska
I. XLII. 779
Karwot E. XLIII. 71, 89, 314
Kavuljak
A. XLIV. 126, 281
Kaznowska-Jarecka
B. XLV. 519
Keller XLII, 223
Kiekebusch
A. XLIII. 242
Kielisiński
W. XLII. 78, 82, 90, 94,
102-110, 114; XLIII. 331
Kiełczewska-Zalewska
H. XLV. 126,
156
Kierski E. XLII. 146, 207, 211
Kiparsky
V. XLII. 499; XLIV. 10,
45; XLV. 381
Kislakow N. A. XLII. 609
Kitowicz J. XLII. 120, 283
Klimaszewska
J. XLII. 750; XLIV.
166
Klimczyk Z. XLII. 84, 92
Klinger W. XLV. 3-07--':3'"14
Klonowicz F. XLII. 29, 44
Klonowski A. F. XLIi. 955
Kluk K. XLV. 158, 207, 230
Kłoskowska
A. XLII.
645; XLIII.
27; XLIV. 155; XLV. 373
Knapp G. F. XLII. 331
Kocka W. XLII. 483

Kojdecka A. XLIII. 225; XLIV. 238;
XLV. 334
Kolankowski
L. XLII. 263; XLV.
126, 156
Kolberg O. XLII. 22, 31, 39-48, 116,
148, 209, 221-224, 252, 253, 265,
283, 289, 308; XLIII. 12, 172, 177,
183, 293, 327, 331, 334; XLIV. 136,
179; XLV. 451
Koller O. XLII. 559, 563
Kołłątaj H. XLII. 216, 320
Komorowski I. XLII. 11
Konopczanka A. XLII. 38
Konopka J. XLII. 11, 250
Kopczyńska-Jaworska
B.
XLIV.
509
Kopernicki
I. XLII. 9, 13, 20, 31,
200-220, 250, 294, 300, 349, 432,
486; XLIV. 7
Koppers W. XLII. 701-710; XLV.
92, 358
Korabiewicz W. XLV. 7()-91
Koranyi K. XLIII. 20, 79q XLII. 962
Korczewski XLII. 29
Kossinna G. XLIII. 242
Korompay B. XLII. 692
Korotyński L. S. XLII. 212
Kostrzewski
J. XLII.
447; XLIII.
187, 191
Kotoński W. XLIV. 507
Kott J. XLII. 239, 270
Kovacewicz S. XLII. 682
Kowalczyk J. XLIII. 186
Kowalenko W. XLII. 453
Kowalska-Lewicka
A. patrz Lewicka-Kowalska
Kozłowski K. XLII. 265
Koźmian J. XLII. 222
Kraiński E. XLII. 297
Kramarik
J. XLII. 670, 674; XLIV.
269
Krasoń J. XLII. 464
Krasowski W. XLV. 386

652

653

Kraus S. XLII. 217
Krcek F. XLII. 327
Krescentyn P. XLV. 207, 229
Kroha I. XLII. 559
Krupianska
W. I. XLII. 656
Krzywicki L. XLII. 282, 486; XLIII.
173
Krzyżanowski
J. XLII. 9-34,
456;
XLIII. 357, 448; XLV. 263, 267,
296
Kuba L. XLII. 310
Kuchta J. XLV. 313
Kuhn A. XLII. 326
Kukier R. XLIV. 484
Kulczycki J. XLII. 645; XLIII. 24;
XLV. 394
Kunicki L. XLII. 130
Kunz L. XLII. 676
Kuroń!ki E. XLIV. 48
Kuruc P. XLIV. 119
Kusznier P. I. XLII. 651 681, 689,
894; XLIII. 63,' XLIV: 16l, 165,
174, 389
Kutrzeba-Pojnarowa
A. XLII. 263,
265, 269, 758; XLIV. 489, 495, 503
Kużmicz B. XLIII. 157
Kuzniecow W. G. XLV. 318
Kwaśniewicz W. XLII. 701, 750
Kwaśniewska-Trawińska
M. XLII.
249-263;
XLIII. 236, 241; XLIV.
340; XLV. 125-155,
342, 347
Kwaśniewski
K. XLIII.
255 282'
XLIV. 338; XLV. 203-21~
370'
377, 460
'
,
L

Labuda G. XLII. 480, 758; XLIII.
24; XLIV. 163, 165, 169, 173, 194
Lachnicki XLII. 252, 261
Lam L. XLII. 33, 68, 254
Landau E. XLIV. 45
Lebzerter XLV. 94
Lelewel J. XLII. 252, 268, 292

Lenartowicz T. XLII. 37,39,47,217,
250
Lenin W. I. XLII. 658; XLIV. 261
Leontiew N. P. XLIV. 253, 255
Lewicka-Kowalska
A. XLII.
729,
733, 735, 738, 765, 949; XLIII. 288,
334, 337
Lewicki M. XLII. 785; XLIII. 431
Lewicki T. XLII. 756
Lewin M. XLII. 650
Libelt K. XLII. -i8, 202, 212
Ligęza J. XLIII. 471
Linde B. XLII. 40
Lipiński T. XLII. 201, 212, 226, 265
Lips J. E. XLV. 373
Liske K. XLII. 120
Lampa J. XLII. 24, 312, 324
Lorentz F. XLV. 267
Lowie XLII. 706
Lubicz R. XLII. 254
Luschan F. XLV. 15
Lutyński J. XLII. 645; XLIII. 27;
XLIV. 155
L

Lepkowski J. XLII. 319
Lęga W. XLIV. 67
Lękowski L. XLII. 227
Łopaciński H. XLII. 9, 31, 219, 234;
XLV. 460
Łoś J. XLII. 310
Łowmiański H. XLII. 263, 282; XLV.
126, 157
Loziński L. XLII. 296
Łubieński W. XLII. 226
Łukaszewicz J. XLII. 145
Ły~ik S. XLV. 35
M

Macdonald A. W. XLIII. 296-298
Maciejowski A. XLII. 40, 318
Maciesza A. XLII. 487
Majer J. XLII. 250; XLIV. 7

Majewski K. XLII. 749
Malewska Z. XLII. 237, 576, 631,
643, 758, 884-886
Malinowski B. XLII. 257, 705
Malinowski
L. XLII. 21, 309, 312,
317; XLIV. 120
MaliilOwski T. XLII. 446-453; XLIII.

,

.

183
Małecki M. XLIV. 198
lVIannhardt W. XLII. 327
Markoni K. XLII. 11
Marin L. XLIV. 325
Marr, XLII. 646
Masłowa G. S. XLIII. 192; XLIV.
242
Matiegka I. XLII. 482
Matyniak A. XLII. 794
Maurizio A. XLV. 206
Mawrodin W. W. XLII. 499, 643644; XLIII. 226; XLIV. 64
Mączyński J. XLII. 370
Mehler J. XLV. 166, 182
Medggers B. J. XLIII. 286
Meier E. XLII. 326
Meitzen A. XLII. 281; XLV. 125,
157
Mersmann H. XLII. 560
Meskank J. ŻLIV. 348
Merzbach L. XLII. 211
Meyer E. NLV. 24
Miarka K. XLII. 324
Michna W. XLII. 299
Milewski T. XLII. 227; XLIII. 22,
283; XLIV. 45; XLV. 19, 22, 34,
67
Miller M. XLV. 320
Micińska M. XLII. 952; XLV. 418
Mioduszewski XLII. 25, 240
Mitkowski J. XLIV. 495
Montandon G. XLV. 376
Morgan, XLV. 24
Moraczewska B. XLII. 206
Morawski XLII. 146

Morgen3terI'..- S. XLII. 571
Moszyński K. XLII. 263, 469, 753;
XLIII. 19, 23, 168, 177; XLIV.
165, 166, 200; XLV. 11, 206, 453
Mościcki XLII, 263
Mlihlmann W. E. XLV. 48
Mydlarski J. XLII. 516; XLIII. 302,
435-441;
XLV. II, 17
N

Nahodil O. XLII. 669, 679
Narbutt T. XLII. 252, 442
Naruszewicz A. XLII. 320
Naryszkin W. W. XLIV. 209
Navratil J. XLII. 679, 688
Nasz A. XLII. 454; LIII. 24, 32
Necel A. XLIV. 57
Nedo P. XLII. 791
Nehring W. XLII. 319
Nesselmann G. H. F. XLII. 439
Niederle L. XLII. 688; XLV. 346,
377
Niemcewicz J. XLII. 293
Niesiecki K. XLII. 226
Nickel J. XLIII. 260
Nitsch K. XLII. 314, 495; XLIII. 16;
XLIV. 51, 164, 195; XLV. 427456
Nizińska I. XLIV. 498, 500
Nordenskiold E. XLV. 93
Nosek S. XLIII. 187
Nowakowski J. F. XLII. 318
Nowosielski XLII. 18
O
Ochmański W. XLV. 160
Ogrodziński W. XLII. 318
Okładnikow A. P. XLIV. 209
Olderogge D. A. XLII. 609; XLV. 34,
329
Olechnowicz W. XLIV. 11, 45
Olszew~ki W. XLII. 271, 285

654
Optołowicz J. XLII. 216-248
Orańska J. XLII. 114; XLIII.
Orkan W. XLII. 69
Orłowa A. XLV. 329
Orlowicz M. XLII. 298
Ortu ta y G. XLII. 694
Osiecki XLII. 271
Osipowicz A. XLII. 46, 218
Osiński K. M. XLIV. 498
Otrębski J. ?eLlI. 767
otto K. H. XLIII. 241

331

P

Parczewska M. XLII. 317
Pauli Z. XLII. 336
Pawlak A. XLIII. 333
Pawłowska J. XLII. 925
Perszyc A. I. XLV. 321
Pessler W. XLIV. 164, 193
Petsch W. XLIII. 253; XLIV. 47
PękaIski M. XLII. 238
Piaścik F. XLV. 157, 386
Pieradzka
K. XLII. 782; XLIV. 66
Pietkiewicz K. XLII. 777, 934
Piłsudski B. XLIII. 76
Piprek J. XLIV. 186
Piwocki K. XLII. 770; XLIII. 345
Plater S. XLII. 145, 209, 212
Plezia M. XLII. 644; XLIII. 105
Pojnarowa-Kutrzeba
A. patrz Kutrzeba-Pojnarowa
Polakiewicz M. XLII. 961, 962
Pol W. XLII. 123, 321
Pokropek M. XLV. 177
Polivka J. XLIV. 267
Polisensky J. XLII. 669
Polujański
XLII. 252, 261, 281
Poniatowski
S. XLII. 415; XLIII.
23; "XLIV. 164
Popiel S. XLII. 470
Potapow L. P. XLII. 609, 613, 669,
897, 899

Potiechin I. I. XLII. 651; XLIV. 155;
XLV. 34, 331
Potkański K. XLIII. 15; XLV. 126,
157
Potocka K. XLII. 87, 88
Potocki L. XLII. 439
Poulik J. XLII. 667
Poutrin D. XLV. 36
Prazak V. XLIV. 269
Prus K. XLII. 318
Priifferowa-Znamierowska
M. XLII.
263, 727; XLIV. 351-391
Przesławska
H. XLIII. 274
Przewalski XLV. 242
Przeworska J. p. Rosen-Przeworska
Przeździecki M. XLII. 45
Przybysławski
W. XLII. 351
Przyjemski
F. 495-498
Puffke E. XLII. 24
Purkynie J. XLII. 318
Puszet L. XLII. 119, 121
Puszkarewa
L. XLIV. 211
Pypin A. XLII. 27, 34
Q
Quatrefages

A. XLV. 36, 39
R

Raczyński E. XLII. 145
Radyń P. XLII. 733-735
Radońska T. XLII. 212
Rajewski Z. XLII. 631
Ratzel F. XLIV. 164
Reinfuss R. XLII. 114, 239, 753, 769,
795, 797; XLIII. 24, 356; XLIV.
505; XLV. 157
Refnfussowa-Cieśla
Z. XLIII. 354,
355
Reychmann J. XLII. 694; XLV. 334
Rieger A. XLII. 554-606;
XLIII.
122
Rivet P. XLII. 732; XLIII. 282

,
!

655
Robakidze A. I. XLII. 661
Rosen-Przeworska
J. XLIII.
344,
351
Rosiński B. XLII. 486
Rostafiński
J. XLII. 36; XLV. 204
Rostworowski XLII. 30
Roger J. XLII. 311
Rohr E. XLIV. 193
Rutkowski J. XLV. 157
Rzewuski H. XLII. 226
S

~
I

Sarnicki XLII. 146
Schebesta P. XLII. 703, 744; XLV.
35, 41, 54, 65, 94
Scheur D. F. XLII. 559
Schlagenhaufen
O. XLIV. 45
Schmidt E. XLIII. 253; XLV. 45
Schmidt W. XLII. 701; XLIV. 164,
313; XLV. 21, 39, 50, 123,349,357,
362, 365
Schneider LII. 296
Schumacher K. XLIII. 244
Schumacher P. XLV. 43, 51
Schwalbe G. XLV. 45
Schwartz W. XLII. 327
Schweinfurth
G. XLV. 15, 35
Semkowicz WI. XLIV. 281, 488-495
~erafin S. XLV. 386
Serejski M. H. XLII. 266, 268
Seweryn
T. XLII. 522-553,
753;
XLIII. 85, 103, 347; XLIV. 391,
508; XLV. 223-262
Siarkowski W. XLII. 315
Sierpiński S. XLII. 226
Skalnikowa O. XLII. 675
Skimborowicz XLII. 37
Skurzak L. XLIII. 2'98
Sincerus XLV. 158
Smith-Birket
K. XLV. 93
Smogorzewski K. XLIV. 49
Smolarski lVI. XLII. 120
Schlenger H. XLIV. 164, 193

Smoljak A. W. XLV. 315
Smolerj, XLII. 309, 337, 421-424,
789-794; XLIII. 256
Snigirew O. XLIV. 46
Sobiescy J. lVI.XLIII. 122, 332, 465;
XLIV. 507
S'obieski lVI. XLII. 239, 456, 767;
XLIV.506
Sobisiak W. XLII. 143-199; XLIII.
93; XLIV. 348
Sokołow J. lVI.XLII. 647; XLIV. 255
Sommer E. LII. 327; XLIV. 8
Soderstrom J. XLII. 726
Spamer A. XLIII. 255, 259
Speiser F. XLV. 45, 47, 50
Spławiński-Lehr
T. XLII. 478
Stankowa J. XLII. 682
Starek E. XLIV. 501
Staszczak Z. XLII. 925-947; XLIII.
24; XLIV. 153, 522; XLV. 384,
386
Steć T. XLII. 464.
Steinitz W. XLIII. 236, 256; XLIV.
234
Stelmachowska
B. XLIV. 481-488
Stęczyński XLII. 296
Stieber Z. XLIV. 199
Stieda L. XLIV. 7
Stojanowski K. XLII. 486
Stojkowa S. XLV. 342
Słotyhło E. XLIV. 11, 46
Stopa R. XLII. 703, 710, 748; XLV.
493
stout D. B. XLII. 729
Stranska
D. XLII. 671; XLIV. 251
Stryczek J. XLV. 460
Stuhlmann
F. XLV. 22, 34, 52
Styś W. XLIV. 137; XLV. 126, 157
Strzała K. XLIV. 266
Sucharewa O. A. XLIV. 228
Sumcow, XLV. 313
Surowiecki W. XLII. 146,466.; XLIII.
170

657
656
Sirennius S. XLV. 204
Syrokomla W. XLII. 26
Szachmatow
A. XLII.
499, 501.;
XLIII. 304
Szalitowa W. XLII. 36
Szczepański J. XLII. 645
Szczepański R. XLIII. 296
Szczotka S. XLII. 879, 884
Szmielewa M. N. XLIV. 205
Szolnoky L. XLII. 690
Szyfelbejn Z. XLII. 264-293
Szyperski A. XLII. 464
Szwengrub L. M. XLV. 373, 399
Średniawa M. XLIV. 502
Świątkowska
J. XLII. 780
Świeżawski E. XLII. 227
Świeży J. XLII. 233, 239, 351.; XLIV.
508
Świętek J. XLIII. 73
Świrko S. XLIV. 448, 451
Świtkowski
P. XLII. 118
T
Taylor, XLIII. 289
Tetmajer J. XLII. 26
Thompson S. XLIII. 289
Tille W. XLIV. 267
Tłoczek I. XLV. 386
Tokarew S. A. XLII. 649, 651; XLIII.
27: XLV. 330
Tołstow S. P. XLII. 609, 657; XLIII.
27; XLIV. ISS, 239; XLV. 329
Tomicki J. XLII. 118. 145, 148
Topolski J. XLV. 160, 189
Trawińska-Kwaśnicwska
M. patrz
Kwaśniewska-Trawińska.
Tretiak J. XLII. 13
Turczynowicz
M. XLII.
44, 114,
200-215, 301, 314, 352, 421, 456
Turnau I. XLII. 402
Tykiel B. XLII. 265, 281
Tylor E. B. XLII. 704; XLIV. 166

Tymieniecki
Twardowski

K. XLII. 265, 474
K. XLII. 17, 552
U

Udziela S. XLII.
XLIII. 15

13, 33, 306, 310.;
V

Vakarelski Ch. XLII. 693
Vanoverbergh
P. XLV. 50
Va~mer M. XLV. 377
Vidal de la Blache, XLIV. 194
Vilppula H. XLV. 382
Vinson J. XLV. 16, 34
Virchow R. XLII. 481; XLV. 7, 46
Vitols T. M. XLIV. 46
Vorbichler A. XLV. 68

WitkiEWicz S. XLII. 24
Witwicki S. XLII. 356
Wojciechowski T. XLII. 256, 266, 484
Wojciechowski Z. XLIII. 424-427
Wokroj F. XLII. 477; XLIII. 431,
441
Wolff W. XLII. 331
Wolniewicz W. XLII. 203, 339
Wolski K. XLII. 294-306;
XLIV.
499; XLV. 348
Wozaczyńska A. XLIII. 123, 139
Wójcik K. W. XLII. 12, 37, 72, 114,
146, 222, 223, 265-268, 276, 278,
283
Wróblewski
T.
XLII.
115-142;
XLIII. 191; XLIV. 324, 332, 336;
XLV. 358, 368
Wrzosek A. XLIV. 4.:3
Wysłuchowa M. XLII. 312
Wyszniepolski S. A. XLIII. 225

W

Wacław z Oleska, XLII. 125
Wagnalls F. XLIII. 288
Waldhauer F. XLIV. 46
Waga J. XLV. 204
Waligórski A. XLII. 725; XLIV. 503
Wallis S. XLIII. 357
Wanke A. XLII. 297, 467; XLIV. 17
Waryński L. XLII. 113
Wasilewski E. XLII. 26
Weinberg R. XLIV. 8
Weinhold K. XLII. 319.; XLIV. 338
Weiss R. XLII. 694-701
Werlin, XLII. 560, 561
Wesołowski A. N. XLIV. 254
Weule K. XLV. 70, B6
Węgrzynowicz L. XLII. 762
White A. L. XLIII. 283, 287
Wielowiejski
J. XLIII. 246
Wieniawski A. XLII. 226, 227
Wilczewski H. XLIV. 56; XLV. 421
Wildhaber R. XLIII. 259
Wilkońska P. XLII. 201, 203
Wiłkoński A. XLII. 145

Z

Z3.borski B. XLV. 157
Zagórski W. XVII. 26
Zajączkowski
S. XLV. 157
Zajączkowski
W. XLII. 608,
787; XLV. 315
WYKAZ INSTYTUCJI

609,

NAUKOWYCH

Akademia Umiejętności
w Krakowie, XLII. 211, 212
Anthropos
Institut
we Fryburgu,
XLIV. 289-324;
XLV. 93, 348
Archiwum
Polskiego Towarzystwa
Ludoznawczego,
we Wrocławiu,
XLII. 306
Duńskie Muzeum Narodowe w Kopenhadze, XLIII. 268
L'Ethnographie,
Paryż, XLIV. 325326
Etnologiczne
Muzeum w Berlinie.
XLV. 347
12 "Lud".

t. XLV

Zakrzewska M. XLII. 239
Zakrzewski A. XLII. 265, 269, 276;
XLIV. 166
Zakrzewski W. XLII. 11
Załęski G. XLII. 303, 304
Zatorski F. XLII. 433
Zawiliński R. XLIV. 166
Zawistowicz-Adamska
K.
XLII.
332-412; XLIII. 107, 169; XLIV.
509; XLV. 536
Zborowski J. XLII. 765
Zdziarski S. XLII. 312
Zejszner L. XLII. 26; XLIV. 128
Ziemacki W. XLV. 399
Zienkowicz L. XLII. 76, 146
Ziętkiewicz L. XLII. 206
Zin W. XLV. 386
Znamierowska-Priiferowa
M. patrz
Priifferowa-Znamierowska
Z\volakiewicz H. XLII. 219, 220, 237,
239
Zygadłowicz F.XLII.
114
Żdanko T. A. XLIV. 238
Żmichowska N. XLII. 37
Żółtowski W. XLII. 227
Żupański, XLII. 200, 201
Żyga-A. XLIII. 325.; XLV. 406,407,410
I ETNOGRAFICZYCH

Instytut
Etnografii
Mikłucho-Makłaja w Moskwie, XLII. 886, 893;
XLII. 206-207; XLIV. 7, ISS, 180
- Etnologiczny
Uniwersytetu
w
Wiedniu, XLV. 91
- Etnograficzny w Sofii, XLV. 347
- Geograficzny w Warszawie XLV.
126
- Historii Kultury
Materialnej
w
Warszawie, XLIV. 153
- literatury
im.
A.
Gorkiego
w Moskwie, XLIV. 254
- Morski w Gdańsku, XLIV. 57

658
Instytut
Niemieckiej
Etnografii
w
Berlinie, XLIII. 256
- Zachodni w Poznaniu, XLV. 397
.Jakuckie Archiwum Republikańskie
XLV. 318
Komisja
Antropologiczna
Polskiej
Akademii Umiejętności
w Krakowie, XLII. 269
- Historyczna
Polskiej
Akademii
Umiejętności, XLII. 269
Kongres
Nauk
Antropologicznych
i Etnograficznych
w Filadelfii,
XLV. 368, 485-513
- Wiedeński
Etnologów, XLV. 96
Północny Kongres Slawistów w Upsali, XLV. 381
Muzeum Archeologiczne
i Etnograficzne w Łodzi, XLV. 384, 411418
- Etnograficzne
w
Budapeszcie
XLV. 347
- w Białowieży, XLII. 801
- w Białymstoku, XLII. 802
- w Bielsku, XLII. 359
- w Brzegu, XLIII. 372
- w Chełmie, XLII. 854
- w Darłowie, XLII. 326
- w Chorzowie, XLIII. 363
- w Cieszynie, XLIII. 364
- w Częstochowie, XLIII. 366
- w Gdańsku, XLII. 817
- w Gliwicach, XLIV. 368
- w Golubiu, XLIII. 419
- Górnośląskie w Bytomiu, XLIII.
361
- w Grudziądzu, XLII. 807
- Instrumentów
Muzycznych
Vi
Poznaniu, XLIII. 387
Vi Jarosławiu,
XLIII. 388
- w Jeleniej Górze, XLII. 505-508
Vi Kaliszu,
XLIII. 379
- w Kamiennej
Górze, XLIII. 408
- w Kartuzach,
XLII. 870

659
Muzeum w Kętrzynie,
XLII. 870
w Kielcach, XLII. 822
- w Krakowie,
XLII.
830-843.:
XLIV. 391-451
- w Kwidzynie, XLII. 820.; XLV.
418
- w Lesznie, XLIV. 381
- w Lublinie,
XLII. 855
-, w Łomży, XLII. 803
- w Łowiczu, XLII. 801-865
- w Międzyrzeczy
Wielkopo~skim,
XLIII. 413
- Narodowe w Kopenhadze
patrz
Duńskie Muzeum Narodowe
- Nordyczne w Sztokholmie, XLII.
717.; XLIII. 261
- w Nysie, XLII. 373
- w Olsztynie, XLII. 871
- w Opolu, XLIII. 378-378
- w Piotrkowie, XLII. 865
- w Poznaniu,
(Rogalin),
XLII.
382-387
- w Przemyślu, XLII. 390
- w Rabce, XLII. 844
- w Raciborzu, XLIII. 378
- w Radomiu, XLII. 825
- w Rzeszowie, XLIII. 391-395
- w Sanoku, XLIII. 395
- w Nowym Sączu, XLII. 843
- w Sieradzu, XLII. 867
- w Słupsku, XLII. 827
- w Sosnowcu, XLIII. 369-372
- w Szczecinie, XLIII. 396
- w Szczytnie, XLII. 875-878
- w Tarnowie,
XLII. 845
- w
Tomaszowie
Mazowieckim,
XLII. 869
- w Toruniu, XLII. 808-815
- fur Volkerkunde w Lipsku, XLV.
421
- w Warszawie, XLIII. 399-405
- \ve Włocławku, XLII. 815
- we Wrocławiu, XLIII. 411

Muzeum w Zakopanem,
XLII. 864
- w Zamościu, XLII. 860
- w Zielonej Górze, XLIII. 413
- w Zywcu, XLII. 851
Państwowy Instytut Sztuki w"'Varszawie, XLII. 769; XLII. 125
Polski Atlas Etnograficzny,
Zakład
we Wrocławiu,
XLIV. 143-204,
512; XLV. 177, 394
Polskie Towarzystwo
Ludoznawcze
we Wrocławiu, XLII. 263, 416:
XLIII. 9-122
WYKAZ CZASOPISM

Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół
Nauk, XLII. 37, 47, 71, 200, 203,
206, 207, 211, 212
Skansen w Sztokholmie, XLII. 263
Uniwersytet
Dorpacki w Dorpacie,
XLIV. 8
- Królewiecki w Królewcu. XLIV.12.
- Ryski w Rydze, XLIV. 9
Wiedeński w Wiedniu, XLIV. 10;
XLV. 91-125
Wileński w Wilnie, XLIV. 8
- Wrocławski w" Wrocłewiu, XLII.
316
WYDAWNIC1W

Archiv
fUr Slavische
Philologie,
kloristica
Europea, XLII. 710XLII. 340
727; XLIII. 261
Ateneum, XLII. 9
Gazeta Codzienna Warszawska, XLII.
Atlas Etnograficzny Węgierski, XLV.
223, 271
336
- Lwowska, XLII. 223
Atlas Etnograficzny
Polski
patrz:
- Rolnicza, XLII. 271
Polski Atlas Etnograficzny
- Gospodyni Wiejska, XLII. 271
Atlas Polskich Strojów Ludowych,
- Gwiazdka Cieszyńska, XLII. 324
XLIII. 337-345
Kłosy, XLII. 204, 223, 227
Biblioteka
Warszawska,
XLII. 14.5 Kratkije
Soobszczenja
Inst.
Etn.
Ceskoslovenska
Etnographie,
XLII.
AN. SSSR. XLII. 607-608
679
Kronika
Rodzinna, XLII. 271
Cesky Lid, XLII. 666; XLII. 226-232
Kultur und Sprache, XLII. 701
Deutsches Jahrbuch
fUr VolkskunKurier Warszawski, XLII. 271
de, XLIII. 236
Kwartalnik
Historii Kultury MateEncyklopedia
Powszechna
Orgelrialnej, XLII. 749
branda, XLII. 145
Lao!, XLIII. 261
- Rolnicza War~zawska, XLII. 116,
Lingua
Posnaniensis,
XLII. 765128, 145, 223
768
Ethnographica,
XLII. 689-694
Lud, XLII. 33, 758; XLIII. 9
Dziennik
Ekonomiczny
Zamojski
Mały Atlas Gwar Polskich, XLV. 177
XLV. 158
Materiały Antropologiczne,
Archeo- Lwowski, XII. 223
logiczne i Etnograficzne,
XLII.
- Poznański, XII. 203
33, 269
Anquetes du Musee de la Vie WaMrćwka Poznańska, XLII. 145
lonne, XLIII. 280-282
Muzeum Domowe
Kalendarzowe,
Folk-Liv, Acta Ethnologica et FolXLII. 145
42·

660
Opiekun Domowy, XLII. 204
Orędownik, XLII. 73-145
Papers of the Michigan Academy of
Science Arts and Letttres, XLIII.
283-284
Polski Atlas Etnograficzny,
XLII.
242, 899-909; XLIII. 9, In, 249;
XLV. 493-516
Polska Sztuka Ludowa, XLII. 768779; XLIII. 345; XLIV. 2.54
Prace Etnologiczne,
XLIII. 9
Prace
i Materiały
Etnograficzne,
XLIII. 9
Przyjaciel
Ludu, XLII. 17, 74, 76,
107, 114, 145, 200, 201
Revista del Instituto Etnologico Naciona1, XLII. 732
Ricerche
Slavistiche,
XLIII.
272274
Roczniki
Poznańskiego
Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, XLII. 145
Sbornik Muzeja Antropołogii i Etnografii, XLII. 609, 624

Etnograficz.
Sbornik, XLV. 315
Sowietskaja
Etnografija,
XLII. 631;
XLIII.
192q XLIV. 205; XLV.
320
$rednieazjatskij
Etnograficzeskoj
Sbornik, XLII. 608, 609
Starożytności
Polskie, XLII. 145
Handbuch der Prowinz Posen, XLII.
145
Tygodnik Ilustrowany,
XLII.
130,
145, 271
- Lech, XLII. 93, 114
- Powszechny,
XLII. 223
Wiener Beitrage zur Kulturgeschichte und Linguistik, XLII. 701
Wierchy, XLII. 762-765; XLIII. 333
Wisła, XLII. 9, 33, 416; XLIV. 179
Zeitschrift fi.ir Ostforschung,
XLIII.
232-236
Zbiór Wiadomości
do Antropologii
Krajowej,
XLII. 33, 269; XLIV.
179
Zorza, XLII. 317

SPIS RYCIN

,

Prof. Kazimierz Moszyński .
Mapa 1. Języki Afryki na pocz. I tysiąclecia
Mapa 2. Języki Afryki w XVIII w ..
Mapka 1. Tereny zamieszkałe przez pigmejów w Afryce centralnej
Mapka 2. Tereny zamieszkałe przez ludy karłowate w połud. wsch.
Azji
Plan zagród i pól we wsi Hruskie .
1.
Taniec szczepu Makonde. Fot. autor .
2. Maska ~tandartowa.
Muzeum Kultury
i Sztuki Ludowej Warszawa, nr inw. 3591. E. Fot. CAF, 1959
5. Maska z grupy "b" (Mawia) M. K. i S. L. Warszawa, nr inw.
Ludowej - Warszawa. Fot. B. Czarnecki, 1959 .
4. Maska z grupy "d" (Mawia) M. K. i S. L. - Warszawa, nr inw.
3578 E. Fot. CAF, 1959 .
5. Ma~ka z grupy "B" (Mawia) M. K. i S. L. Warszawa, nr inw.
3586 E. Fot. CAF, 1959 .
6. Maska z grupy "a" M. K. i S L - Warszawa nr inw 3594 E. Fot.
CAF,1959
7. Maska indywidualna
(księża) M. K. i S. L. - Warszawa, nr inw.
3588. E. Fot. CAF, 1959 .
8. Wazy gliniane (Mawia). Fot autor
9. Rycerz-tancerz
(Mawia) Fot. autor
la. Fajka wodna Niungwe (Mawia) Fot. autor.
11. Ingainga - prochownie szczepu Mawia. Fot. autor.
12. Rzeżba na obrzędowym toporze (Mawia) Fot. autor .
13. Maska twarzy z kłódką wargową oraz maska kobiecych piersi
(Makonde) Fot. autor
14. Bębenek ze wsi Tenga-Tenga,
Mozambik (Mawia) Fot. B. Czarnecki, 1959
15. Pług wg Sincerusa (Uwagi Tygodniowe Warszawskie 1769, nr VIII,
fig. 1)
16. "Pług osobliwszego rodzaju na drapanie
nowin i zoranie onych
w poprzek"
fig. 2)

(Uwagi

Tygodniowe

Warszawskie

1769

,

nr

VIII

,

9

15
32
37
40
128
72
74
75
76

n
78
79
82
83
85
86
87
88
89
161

161

663

662
17 i 18. Pług wg K. Kluka (O rolnictwie. '. Wrocław 1954, wyd. S.
Inglota, fig. XII i XIV, s. 93 (ryc. 3 i 4.)
161
19. Socha wg K. Kluka (O rolnictwie ... Wrocław
1954, wyd. S.
Inglota, fig. XIII, 93 (ryc. 5) .
173
20. Socha wg Dziennika Ekonomicznego
Zamojskiego,
Zamość 1804,
nr 16, tab!. "Ekonomia"
do nr 16, fig. 12 (ryc. 6)
173
21. Pług wg Dziennika
Ekonomicznego
Zamojskiego,
Zamość 1804,
nr 16 "Ekonomia" do nr 16, fig. 1-11 (ryc. 7) .
184
22. Radło wg Dziennika Ekonomicznego
Zamojskiego,
Zamość 1804,
nr 16, tab!. ,.Ekonomia" do nr 16, fig. 13-20 (ryc. 8)
184
23. Pług (der Prager Pflug) wg .J. Mehlera (Der Ackerbau des Kanigreichs Bahmen ... Erste Sammlung
... tab!. V) ·(ryc. 9)
185
24. Radło (Der RadIo. Ein Raadhacken
in dem Berauner
Kreise)
wg J. Mehlera (Der Ackerbau des Kanigreichs ... Erste Sammlung ... tab!. IX (ryc. 10)
185
25. Mapa - Zasięgi nazw niektórych
części pługa (ryc. 11)
191
26. Tablica - Tablica orientacyjna
nazw pługa i jego części
196-197
27. Tablica - Nazwy buszki i jej części.
198-199
28. Tablica - Nazwy radła i jego części .
200-201
29. Rys. 1. Ber-Setaria
Italica B. - okaz ze wsi Wyżyce, pow. Bochnia. Fot. K. Kwaśniewski,
1959 r.
205
30. Mapa - Ryc. 2. Obszar uprawy bru. Wycinek z mapy podkładowej Polskiego Atlasu Etnograficznego
210
31. Ryc. 1. Łowienie wrony przez powieszoną wronę (rys. autor)
229
32. Ryc. 2. Odyma i pęta na puchacza (według Dombrowicza,
rys.
autor)
~
236
33. Ryc. 3. Kosz do noszenia puchacza na placówkę na słupie (według
K. Dombrowicz, rys. autor)
238
34. Ryc. 4. Tak zwane maniaki lub bałwany na cietrzewie. (Według
W. Korsaka,
rys. autor)
239
35 Ryc. 5. U góry wabik na cietrzewie i jarząbki, u dołu wabik na
przepiórki
(według J. Szytlera, rys. autor)
247
36. Ryc. 6. U góry: wabik na lisa, rysia i wilka, niżej wabik na zająca
(według .T. Szytlera) z boku: na lisa z pow. Bochnia (rys. autor
z okazu w Muzeum Etnograficznym
w Krakowie)
.
249
37. Ryc. 7. Wabik na przepiórki (Rys. autor z okazu w Muzeum Etnograficznym
w Krakowie)
251
38. Ryc. 8. Wabik na sarny, Łapczyca, pow. Bochnia (rys. autor)
254
311. Ryc. 9. Wabik na łosia (według J. Szytlera, rys. autor) .
255
40. Ryc. 1. Narzędzia rolnicze.
Fragment
wystawy
etnograficznej
w Muzeum Archeologicznym
i Etnograficznym
w Łodzi. Fot.
K. Wecel, 1959
412

41. Ryc. 2. Wnętrze izby wiejskiej w Opoczyńskiem.
~tawy etnograficznej
w Muzeum Archeologicznym
nym w Łodzi. Fot. K. Wecel. 1959 .
42. Ryc. 3. Warsztat
garncarski.
Fragment
wystawy
w Muzeum Archeologicznym
Etnograficznym
K. Wecel, 1959
43. Prof. Dr Kazimierz Nitsch
44. Mgr inż. Ludwik Chomiński

I,

I

Fragment
wyi Etnograficz413
etnograficznej
w Łodzi. Fot.
416
427
458

665
A N T H R a P a S. Fr'.!iburg

1955-1956,

vol. 50,

51

(Tadeusz

Wró348

blewski

Intcrnational
(Krzysztof

Articles

Pages

C z e k a n a w s k i. Ethnic structure
of Africa and its latest
features
Stefan Ł y 5 i k. African Pygmies and the problem of their language
Wacław Kor a b i e w i c z. Mawia big artist .
Edward B u l a n d a. Is it the crisis of the Vienna. Ethnologic School
Maria T r a w i ń s k a - K w a ś n i e w ska.
Researches
on the question of a collective three-field system of agriculture in the village
Hruskie, district of Augustów in the XIXth and XXth centuries
Bolesław G a r y g a. Agricultural
literature of the XVIIlth and XIXth
centuries as source for the investigation
of tools used for the
cultivation
of soil
Krzysztof
K w a ś n i e w s k i. Cultivation
of bru (setaria italica) in
Minor Poland during the XXth century
Tadeusz S e we r y n. Hunting lure methods
Maria F r y c z. Tale of the animals in the hut
Witold K I i n g e r. Once more about mermaids and related demonic
figures and dependence on the Greek-Roman
tradition

Jan

II.

Reports

13
35
70
91

125

159
203
223
263
307

and reviews

The Siberian Ethnographic
Collection II (Works of the N. N. Mikłucho-Maklaj Ethnographic
Institute,
Academy of Sciences of the
URSS, vol. XXXV, Moscow-Leningrad
1957)
Włodzimierz
Zajqczkowski

.

Soviet Ethnography,
Academy of Sciences of the URSS, Moscow 1956,
bulletin 3 (Anastazja.
Kojdecka)
Jan R e y c h m a n. From Hungarian editorial ethnographic
sources
Sz. Judit M a r v a y. Women in big familic5. Budapest 1956 (Maria
S. Georgieva
(Maria

.

S t a j k a v a. The hearth

Trawińska-Kwaśniewska)

in Bulgarian

..

315
'f

320
334
340

.

342

Bobu F I a r e s c u. Soft foot-wear of the Rumanians. Bucarest
1957. Studies of popular
art and ethnography,
vol. I (Krzysztof
.

370

Museums

Report on the activity of the ethnographic
section of the Museum
of Archaeology and Ethnography
in Łódź (Maria Misińska)
.
Exhibition of the relics of the past of folk art in the area of Powiśle.
Museum in Kwidzyń. (He; bert Wilczetcski)
Krystyna
C z e r n i e w ska. Reminiscence of Folk Art in Leipzig

Kazimierz Nitsch as dialectologist, investigator and connoisseur of the
folk culture (Stanis'aw
Bqk) .
Ludwik Chromański. (Euze b:llSZ Łopaciński)
Krz:-"sztof K w a ś n i e w s k i. From the activity
of the scientific
ethnographic
societies at-road

Florea

Wolski)

368

.

411
418
421

IV. Chronics

.

life. Sofia 1956

.

Kwaśniewski)

III.

.

Tra wińska-Kwaśniewska)

of Social Sciences, vol. IX (1957) nr 3, Unesco

The I N T E R V I E W. Forms.
Technique.
Evaluation.
Practical
social investigations.
Published by Rene Konig with assistance of
Dietrich Ruschenmeyer
and Erwin K. Schenk. Cologne 1957 .
Observation and experiment in the social investigations
II. Publi5hed
by Rene Konig with a5sistance of Peter Heinz and Erwin. K. Schench.
Cologne, 1956 (LUi Maria Szwengl ub)
Julius
E. L i p s. At the sources of civilization.
UnL'2rsal Science,
Warsaw 1957 (Kszllsztof
Ku:aśniewski)
.
Jan C z e k a n a w s k i. Preface to the history of Slavs. Anthropologic,
ethnographic
and linguistic perspectives.
Second edition, newly
reviewed. Western Institute, Poznań 1957 (Valentin Ki]:arsky)
Hilkka V i l P P u I a. Threshing in Finland. Ethnographic
Bulletin X
Helsingfors,
1955. (Zofia
Staszczak)
J. P. D e k o w 5 k i. Interier of a Jasie!1 hut. Works and Materials of the
nr 2, Łódź 1958 (Zofia
Stas;:czakówna)
Władysław K w a ś n i e w i c z. New publications from the domain of
village building
Stefan N a w a k o w s k i. Adaptation of the population in the Opole
Silesia. Western Institute, Poznań 1957. (Liii Maria Szwengrub)
Władysław Z i e m a c k i. Materials to the history of dresses in 18181863. Archives of Ethnography
nr 10, Wrocław 1956 (Irena Turnau)
Stanisław
C z e r n i k. Polish folk epics. National Library. Series I.
Wrocław 1957 (Aleksander
Zyga)
.
Jan S t r y c z e k. With a peasant's pen. Folk Editorial Cooperative
Society. Warsaw 1956 (Altksander
Zyga)

T ABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Scientific

Bulletin

347
'\

427
458
460

666
Dymitr Kra n d Ż a I a w. From the "Carpathian"
discussion during the
XXXIth plenary meeting of the P T L (Polish Ethnologic
Society)
in September
1956 in Zakopane
.
Report
on the participation
in the Vth Congress
of Anthropologic
and Ethnologic
Sciences in Philadelphia,
the 1-9
August
1956
Roman

Remarks

485

Stopa)

on the

Staszczak)

trial

copy

the

Polish

Ethnographic

Atlas

(Zofia

.

Polemics. (Barbara Kazanowska-Jarecka)
Proceedings
of the XXIInd Plenary
Session of the PTL in Szczecin,
the 6-8 September
1957. (Adam Glapa)
Proceedings
of the XXXIIInd
Plenary Session of the PTL in Cieszyn
(Adam

Report

Glapa,

on the

Jadwiga

Kucharska,

Boleslaw

activity

of the

Limanów

activity

of the

Lublin

Kuzmicz)

Section

on the

of the

PTL

on the

of the

PTL

on the

(Sebastian

Report

of the

fJódź

activity

or the

Mszana

(Janusz

Section

of the

PTL

(Jadwiga

Report

547
Dolna

Section

of the

PTL

Flizak)

on the activity

ciszek

549
of the Olsztyn

Section

of the PTL

(A.

Fran-

Klonowski)

on the activity

5E3
of the

Opole

Section

of the, PTL

(Stanislaw

Bronicz)

Report

on the
on the

activity

of the Poznań

Section

of the

PTL

activity

of the

Section

of the

PTL

(Tadeusz

58
Toruń

(K'alina

Antonowicz)

Report

on the activity

560
of the Wałbrzych

Section

of the PTL

(Lesław

of the Zakopane

Section

of the PTL

(Wanda

Lubowiecki)

Report

4.

556

Wróblewski)

Report

HH ~ e K a H a B c K 11. 3THI1'IeCKaH CTpyKTypa AcPPl1KI1 11 HOBeHWl1e
HaCJIOeHI1H .
CTecPaH JI hIC 11K. AcPPI1KaHCKl1e nl1rMel1 11 np06JIeMa I1X H3blKa .
Bal\JIaB K a p a 6 e B 11'I. MaKoHJ\e - BbIJ\alOll\l1eCH CKyJIbnTOpbI .
3J\yap,l\ B y JI H H J\ a. HMeeM JII1 MbI J\eJIo c Kpl1311COM:3THOJIOrl1'IecKOH BeHcKoH WKOJIbI?
MapbH T P a B 11H b C K a - K B a c b H e B c K a. HCCJIeJ\oBaHVIH no BOnpocy KOJIJIeKTI1BHOHTpeXnOJIbHoi1 CI1CTeMbI B p;epeBHe rpYCKe,
aBrycToBcKoro nOBeTa B XIX >1 XX BeKax
BOJIeCJIaB r a p bI r a. CeJIbCKOx03Hi1cTBeHHaH JII1TepaTypa 18 VI 19
BeKOB 11CTO'IHI1KP;JIH I1CCJIe,l\OBaH>1H>1CTOpl1l13eMJIeJ\eJlb"J.ecK>1X OPY,l\>1H
Kp]K>1llJTOcP K B a C b H e B c K 11. KYJlbTypa 6py (setaria itaUca) B MaJIOH IIoJIbJlle B XX BeKe .
Tap;:3YJll C:3 B :3P bI H. OXOTHI1'Ibl1 cnoco6bI npl1MaHKI1 .
MapbH <P p >1'I. CKa3Ka o 1KI1BOTHbIXB 1136YWKe .
B>1TOJIbP;K JI >1H rep.
Ell\e o pycaJIKaX >1 pop;CTBeHHbIX p;eMOH>1'IeCK>1X cPlirypax >1 >1X 3aB>1CI1MOCT>1
OT rpeKO-pYIMCKOMTpap;Hl\>1YI.

545
activity

on the activity

125

159
203
609
611
307

315

?WecKu)

Miscellanea
Jeleniewski

91

C>16>1pCK>1M
3THorpacPl1'łeCKI1i1 C60PHI1K II (TpYAbI HHCT>1TYTa3THOrpacPl1>1 AKap;eMI1I1 HaYK CCCP I1MeHI1 H. H. MI1KJIyxo-MaKJIaH,
TOM XXXV,
MocKBa-JIeHl1Hrpa,l\,
1957 (BJW03U.M.epJłC 3auo'lt'f,-

566

Summaries
in English and Russian - Eugeniusz
Index of the XLII, XLIII, XLIV and XLV \'olumes
by O. G.)
List of illustrations.

13
35
70

II OT1.jeTbI >1 pel\eH31111

564

Jost)

CTaTbl1
crp.

519

544
Section

Kucharska)

Report

I HaY'IHbIe

(piotr

Or;tołowicz)

Report

or JIABJIEHHE

494
517

531

Orzechowski)

Report

472

COBeTcKaH 3THorpacPI1H. AKap;eMl1fl HaYK CCCP, MocKBa 1956, TeTpa,l\b 3 (AHacTacbR Kouo3u,'Ka)
RH P a H X M a H. H3 BeHrepCKI1X :3THOrpaep>1'IeCKI1X113p;aTeJIbCTB C.
IOP;>1T MopBai1. 2KeHIlII1HbI B 60JIbIlll1X ceMbRX. Byp;aneIllT 1956

570

of the L U D (made
613
660

(MapbR

TpaBUHbC'Ka-KBaCbHeBC'Ka).

<P.'1opea B06y <P.'1 o p e C KY. MRrKaH 06YBb y PYMbIH. ByxapecT 1957
HccJIellOBaH>1H B 06J1aCTI1 HapO,l\HOrO I1CKyccTBa 11 :3THOrpaepm'I,
TOM I (KPJłCUlliTOijJ BOJl.bC'KU) .

\

"

320

342

347

668

66
j

AHTponoc.

eppeCl6ypr

1955-1956

TOM 50.

51 (Tao3ym

Bpy6JteBC"Ku)

(KPJlCUW.TO¢

YHecKo

KBaCb'fteBCKU)

epOpMbI. TexHMKa.

MCCJle~OBaHMe.113,11aTeJlbPeHe
pMXOM PlOweHMei1epoM

368

OI.\eHKa.
KeHMr

1957

KeJlbH

370

Tpy.n;HM"łeCTBe C ITeTepoM

1956 (JIuJtu

KeJlbH,

MapbR

IOJlI110C E. JI M n C. Y.

3HaHl1e.

KMe, ::JTHorpa<pM<reCKl1eM JlIo1HrBJ.'lCTM<reCKMe
nepcneKTMBbI.

H.

3n

IT.

B

11 MaTepMaJlbI

My3eil

y6paHcTBo

ApxeoJlorl111

"łeCKaR Cepl1R Hp. 2, JIO~3b

10136hIB HceHe.

11 3THorpacPl1l1·

1958 (CO¢UR

CTaw,a'K)

Tpy.n;bI

384
386

CTpOT-1TeJlbCTBa

1957 (J{.uJtu

MapbR

397
3 e M R 11K H.

1818-1863.

MaTepl1aJlhI

no

HCTOpHH O,LIeJK.n;bIBpeMeH

3THorpacPW-IeCKl1J1 ApXJ.'lB Hp.

399

OJlI10TeKa. Cepl1R I.

IIOJlbCKaR

Hapo~HaR

3nHKa.

402

nepaTMB.

BapwaBa

1957 (AJte'Kca'H.Op 3bLza)

HbIi1 113.n;aTeJlbcKMJ1
KoonepaTMB.

406

1956 (A.1eKCa1iOp 3blza).

KyxapcKa,

B II.I;eTMHe 6·-8

ceH-

519
C06paHYIR PTL

B

TeWMHe

(Aoa.M.

(IIeTp

OpJICe-

531

BOJteCJlaB KY3b.M.U'l/.)

544

XOBC'KU)
(H'H.yw. On'to-

545

JI.08U'l/.) .

OT"łeT

(Ho Buza

Ky-

547

O ,IleRTeJlbHOCTM OJlbWTJolHCKOrOOT~eJIeHI1R PTL

407

B

MwaHe

(A.

<Ppa'H,-

,1l;OJIbHOi1(C36aCT'bJl.'H, <PJtu3a'K)

549

O ~eRTeJlbHOCTJolOJIbWTMHCKoro oT.n;eJIeHMRPTL

TUWe'K

553

KJte1iOBC'Ku)
(CTa'H.UCJlaB Bpo-

'H.U'l/.)

556
OT,1IeJIeHMRPTL

(Tao3Yw.

Bpy-

(KaJlu'H.a

A'H.Ta-

558

6JteBcKu)
OT'leT

nOJlbCKOrO Hapo.n;a. Hapo~-

BapwaBa

IIJleHapHOro

OT"łeT o ~eRTeJIhHOCTI1n03HaHCKoro

HH C T P M <re K. MY'KI111KI1M nepOM. Hapo.n;HbIi1 113.n;aTeJlbcKI1i1KooCTaHMCJIaB 'ł e p H M K. IOMOP 11 caTMpa

Co6paHMR PTL

OT"łeT o .n;eRTeJIbHOCTM
OnOJlbCKOrOOT~eJIeHYIRPTL

Hapo.n;HaR BVI-

Bpo11J1aB 1958 (AJteKCa'H.Op 3b~za)

XXXIII

rJtRna, HOBuza

OT"łeT

10, Bp0l.\JIaB 1956 (Mpe-

'H.a TYP'H.ay) .
CTaHl1CJlaB 'ł e p H 11K.

.

1957 r. (Aoa ..M. r JtJtna) .

IIpoTOKOJI

o ,IleRTeJlbHOCTMTopyHcKoro

OT~eJleHMR PTL

1iOBU't)
YKa3aTeJlb

485
494
517

.

xapc'Ka)

Il18e'H.-

zpy6)
BJla~bICJIaB

Craw,a'K)

K03'H.OBC'Ka-Hpeu,'Ka)
IIJleHapHoro

1956 r. (Po.M.a'H.CTana)

OTQeT O ~eHTeJIbHOCTM JlO~3MHCKoro OT~eJIeHJolRPTL

CT::JcPaHH o B a K OB C K M. A.n;anTa11I1RHaCeJleHMR B OrroJlbcKOi1 CVIJle3MM. 3ana.n;HhIi1 l1HCTI1TyT. IIo3HaHb

aBrycTa

TeTpa~11 rrOJlbCKOrO 3THorpaqm-

OTQeT O ,1IeRTeJIbHOCTM
JIlO5J!MHcKoro OT,1IeJIeHMRPTL

BJla.n;bICJlaB K B a C b H e B C K M. HOBbIe ny6JIl1Ka11l1M 101306JIaCTM ~epeBeHCKoro

XXXII

472

OT"łeT O ~eRTeJIbHOCTl1JlMMaHOBCKoro OT,1IeJIeHl1RPTL

3THorpaC!::ll1-

.

IIpoToKoJl
TR6pR

382

,1l;e K OB C K 11. BHyrpeHHee

np06Hoi1

"łeCKOrO ATJIaCa (Co¢uJt

epMHJIRH.n;HM.reJIbCI1HrcPopc,

3THorpacPl1"łeCKOrO 06I.I.\e.

AHTpOnOJlOrM"łecKMx M 3THorpa<pM<reCKMX HaYK

nOBo~y

IIoJIeMYIKa (Bap6ap~

1957

CTaw,aK)

no

npeHMi1 BO BpeMR XXXI

(IIoJlbcKoro

B epMJla,1leJlb<pYIM,
COCTORBweMCR1-9
3aMe'laHMR

377

B VIJI b rr n y JI R. MOJlOTh6a

1955 (CO¢UR

460

1956 r. B 3aKonaHOM

OT"łeT O V KOHrpecce

113~a-

HaHOBO 06paOOTaHHoe. 3arra.n;HbIH l1HcTHTyT. IT03HaHb,

(BaJte'H.TU'H. Kunapc"Ku)
rMJlbKKa

C'be3.n;a PTL

CTBa) B ceHTR6pe

I1CTO<rHI1KOB
I.1I1BI1J1M3aI.1I1H.
Bce06u.(ee

427
458

JIonaTbL'H.bCKU)

06I.I.\eCTB 3arpaHMu;ei1 .

nJleHapHOro

1ll0i1xOM.

Il1Be'H.zpy6)

'ł e K a H O B C K M. BBe.n;eHl1e B MCTOpl1lOCJlaBJIH. AHTpOITOJlOrM<recHl1e II,

,'1MaJIeKTOJlOr,MCCJle.n;OBaTeJlb
M 3HaTOK HapO,1lHoi1

,ll;MMYITp KpaH,1IJKaJIOB. 113 "KapnaTCKYIX"

113.n;aTeJlb PeHe KeHl1r B CO-

reClHI.\eM 11 3pBMHOM K.

1957 (KPJlCUW.W.TO¢ KBaC'H.eBC'Ku) .

BapwaBa
RH

P.

-

KpJKMWTOcP KBaCbHeBCKM. 113 ,1IeRTeJlhHOCTl13THorpacPYI"łeCKYIX Hay'lHbIX

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(CTa'H.Uc.1aB BO'H.K) .

JIlO,1IBMKXOMHHbCKI1 (3y336uyw.

B COTpY~HWłeCTBe C ,1l;MTilloClxOM,

Ka3MMepJK Hl1'l
Ky.lIbTyphI

C011l1aJlbHOe

ITpaKTw'lecKoe

1013PBMHOM K.

IV

(1957) Hp. 3

MeJK~YHapo~HbICI 6lOJWeTeHb C011MaJlbHbIXHayK, TOM IX
l1HTepBblO.

348

.~

560
XLII,

XLIII,

XLIV

JolXLV

TOMa JIlO~a (M3,11.O. r.) .

JIw6oBeu,'Ku)

613
564

OT"łeT O ,1IeRTeJIbHOCTM
3aKonaHCKoro

OT~eJleHMJl PTL

(Ba'H.oa MacT)

566

OT<reT O .n;eRTeJlbHOCTH
3THorpacPl1"łeCKOrO oT.n;e.rreHMRApXeOJlOrM<recKOrO M 3THorpacPl1<reCKoro MY3eR
BbIcTaBKa

naMRTHMKOB Hapo.n;Horo

B KBI1,'13bIHe (fep6epr
KpbIcTbIHa

B JIO.n;3H (MapbR

MCKyccTBa

MUCU'H.bC'Ka)

ITOBMCJlMR B

418

BuJtb'teBcKu)

'ł e p H e B C K a. Bne'laTJleHHR

KHi1 MY3eCl B JIei1nI.1Mre .

411

Pa3Hoe

My3ee

Pe3lOMe Ha aHrJlMi1cKoM JolPYCCKOMR3bIKax
"YKa3areJIh

::JKCKYPCMM
B 3THOJlOrH'leC-

421

XLII,

XLIII

XLIV

M XLV

-

3yr::JHMyw

EJleHeBCKl1

TOMa JIlO.n;a (M3,11.O. r.

CnMCOK MJlJllOCTpaI.\Mi1

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570
613
660